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GCSE PE (AQA) > 1.2 The cardio-respiratory system > Flashcards

1.2 The cardio-respiratory system Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

The process of the heart going through the stages of systole and diastole in the atria and ventricles.

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2
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

When the heart is relaxing.

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3
Q

Embolism

A

The blockage of a blood vessel.

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4
Q

Haemoglobin

A

The substance in red blood cells which transports oxygen (as oxyhaemoglobin) and carbon dioxide.

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5
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure in the arteries

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6
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

When the heart is contracting.

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7
Q

Vasocontraction

A

Narrowing of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to decrease blood flow, such as the arteries constricting during exercise so that less blood is delivered to inactive areas.

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8
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to increase blood flow, such as the arteries dilating during exercise so that more blood is supplied to active areas, effectively increasing their oxygen supply.

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9
Q

6 components of the air pathway

A

Nose and mouth
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

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10
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

The space protected by the rib cage

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11
Q

Diaphragm

A

At the base of the rib cage controls rib movement

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12
Q

External intercostal muscles

A

Help to move rib cage

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13
Q

4 parts to the vascular system

A

Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Inbound vessels

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14
Q

Capillaries

A

Divert oxygenated blood around muscles

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15
Q

Veins

A

Transport blood back to the heart

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16
Q

Features of arteries

A

Have a pulse, stretch with blood, small lumen, most carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

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17
Q

Features of veins

A

Thin walls, most carry deoxygenated blood forwards heart, large lumen, thin layer of smooth muscle, no pulse, have valve

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18
Q

Features of capillaries

A

Small, very narrow, 1 cell thick lumen, 1 cell thick walls, huge network linking arteries and veins

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19
Q

4 vessel functions

A

Blood distribution
Gaseous exchange
Maintain blood pressure
Redistribute blood

20
Q

Atria

A

Upper chambers of the heart that collects blood from veins

21
Q

Ventricles

A

Lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart to the arteries

22
Q

RHA

A

Always receives deoxygenated blood back from the body

23
Q

LHA

A

Always receives oxygenated blood back from the lungs

24
Q

Heart structure from left to right from patients point of view starting at pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
LHA
LHV
RHV
RHA
Vena cava
Aorta

25
Q

2 vena cavas

A

Superior and inferior

26
Q

Walls of vena cava and pulmonary veins are

A

Pliable

27
Q

Vena cava and pulmonary viens pressure is

A

Relatively low

28
Q

Ventricles

A

Are responsible for ejecting blood from the heart with sufficient force

29
Q

Which part of the heart is surrounded by the most cardiac muscle

A

LHV because it must generate enough pressure to send blood to the body via the aorta

30
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Collects DO blood from the tip of the body

31
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Collects DO blood from the bottom of the body

32
Q

The heart is a

A

Dual action pump

33
Q

Stroke volume

A

The amount of blood that leaves the LHV per contraction

34
Q

Cardiac cycle 10 stages

A

DO blood returns via the vena cava into the RHA
Blood is forced into the RHV
Blood is pumped out of heart, into PA
Blood continues up the PA to the lungs
Blood is directed to the lungs
O blood goes back to heart
LHA
LHV
Aorta
Working muscles

35
Q

System circuit

A

To the lungs

36
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

To the body

37
Q

Cardiac output equation

A

Q= HR x SV

38
Q

Cardiac output

A

The total volume of blood ejected form the heart per mjn

39
Q

Cardiac output increases as

A

Exercise intensity increases

40
Q

Stroke volume peaks during

A

Moderate intensity exercise

41
Q

Anticipatory rise

A

When adrenaline is released prior to exercise to increase HR before movement has begun

42
Q

Total lung capacity

A

The maximum volume of air the lungs can hold following a maximum inhilation

43
Q

Tidal volume

A

The volume of air breathed in it out during a normal breath

44
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of air available to forcibly exhale following a normal exhalation

45
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of space available to fill following a normal inhalation

46
Q

Residual volume

A

The volume of air that always remains in the lungs even after maximum exhilation

GCSE PE (AQA) (6 decks)

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