1.2 The cardio-respiratory system

Question 1

Cardiac cycle

Answer 1

The process of the heart going through the stages of systole and diastole in the atria and ventricles.

Question 2

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 2

When the heart is relaxing.

Question 3

Embolism

Answer 3

The blockage of a blood vessel.

Question 4

Haemoglobin

Answer 4

The substance in red blood cells which transports oxygen (as oxyhaemoglobin) and carbon dioxide.

Question 5

Hypertension

Answer 5

High blood pressure in the arteries

Question 6

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 6

When the heart is contracting.

Question 7

Vasocontraction

Answer 7

Narrowing of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to decrease blood flow, such as the arteries constricting during exercise so that less blood is delivered to inactive areas.

Question 8

Vasodilation

Answer 8

Widening of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to increase blood flow, such as the arteries dilating during exercise so that more blood is supplied to active areas, effectively increasing their oxygen supply.

Question 9

6 components of the air pathway

Answer 9

Nose and mouth
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 10

Thoracic cavity

Answer 10

The space protected by the rib cage

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

At the base of the rib cage controls rib movement

Question 12

External intercostal muscles

Answer 12

Help to move rib cage

Question 13

4 parts to the vascular system

Answer 13

Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Inbound vessels

Question 14

Capillaries

Answer 14

Divert oxygenated blood around muscles

Question 15

Veins

Answer 15

Transport blood back to the heart

Question 16

Features of arteries

Answer 16

Have a pulse, stretch with blood, small lumen, most carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 17

Features of veins

Answer 17

Thin walls, most carry deoxygenated blood forwards heart, large lumen, thin layer of smooth muscle, no pulse, have valve

Question 18

Features of capillaries

Answer 18

Small, very narrow, 1 cell thick lumen, 1 cell thick walls, huge network linking arteries and veins

Question 19

4 vessel functions

Answer 19

Blood distribution
Gaseous exchange
Maintain blood pressure
Redistribute blood

Question 20

Atria

Answer 20

Upper chambers of the heart that collects blood from veins

Question 21

Ventricles

Answer 21

Lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart to the arteries

Question 22

RHA

Answer 22

Always receives deoxygenated blood back from the body

Question 23

LHA

Answer 23

Always receives oxygenated blood back from the lungs

Question 24

Heart structure from left to right from patients point of view starting at pulmonary artery

Answer 24

Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
LHA
LHV
RHV
RHA
Vena cava
Aorta

Question 25

2 vena cavas

Answer 25

Superior and inferior

Question 26

Walls of vena cava and pulmonary veins are

Answer 26

Pliable

Question 27

Vena cava and pulmonary viens pressure is

Answer 27

Relatively low

Question 28

Ventricles

Answer 28

Are responsible for ejecting blood from the heart with sufficient force

Question 29

Which part of the heart is surrounded by the most cardiac muscle

Answer 29

LHV because it must generate enough pressure to send blood to the body via the aorta

Question 30

Superior vena cava

Answer 30

Collects DO blood from the tip of the body

Question 31

Inferior vena cava

Answer 31

Collects DO blood from the bottom of the body

Question 32

The heart is a

Answer 32

Dual action pump

Question 33

Stroke volume

Answer 33

The amount of blood that leaves the LHV per contraction

Question 34

Cardiac cycle 10 stages

Answer 34

DO blood returns via the vena cava into the RHA Blood is forced into the RHV Blood is pumped out of heart, into PA Blood continues up the PA to the lungs Blood is directed to the lungs O blood goes back to heart LHA LHV Aorta Working muscles

Question 35

System circuit

Answer 35

To the lungs

Question 36

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 36

To the body

Question 37

Cardiac output equation

Answer 37

Q= HR x SV

Question 38

Cardiac output

Answer 38

The total volume of blood ejected form the heart per mjn

Question 39

Cardiac output increases as

Answer 39

Exercise intensity increases

Question 40

Stroke volume peaks during

Answer 40

Moderate intensity exercise

Question 41

Anticipatory rise

Answer 41

When adrenaline is released prior to exercise to increase HR before movement has begun

Question 42

Total lung capacity

Answer 42

The maximum volume of air the lungs can hold following a maximum inhilation

Question 43

Tidal volume

Answer 43

The volume of air breathed in it out during a normal breath

Question 44

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 44

The amount of air available to forcibly exhale following a normal exhalation

Question 45

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 45

The amount of space available to fill following a normal inhalation

Question 46

Residual volume

Answer 46

The volume of air that always remains in the lungs even after maximum exhilation