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GCSE PE (AQA) > 1.1 Musculoskelular System > Flashcards

1.1 Musculoskelular System Flashcards

1
Q

Articulating bones

A

Where 2 or more bones meet at a joint.

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2
Q

Joint

A

A connection point between 2 bones where movement occurs.

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3
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the middle of the body- such as the shoulder.

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4
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the midline of the body- such as at the shoulder.

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5
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle of bones at a joint.

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6
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle of bones at a joint.

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7
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Pointing the toes at the ankle/ increasing the ankle angle.

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8
Q

Rotation

A

Movement around an axis- such as at the shoulder.

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9
Q

Head/neck

A

Cranium and vertebrae

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10
Q

Shoulder

A

Scapula and humerus

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11
Q

Chest

A

Ribs and sternum

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12
Q

Elbow

A

Humerus, radius and ulna

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13
Q

Hip

A

Pelvis and femur

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14
Q

Knee

A

Femur and tibia (patella sits in front of the knee joint)

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15
Q

Ankle

A

Tibia, fibula and talus

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16
Q

Short bones enable

A

Finer controlled movements

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17
Q

Long bones enable

A

Gross movements

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18
Q

Flat bones are for

A

The protection of vital organs

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19
Q

Skeleton provides a

A

Point of attachment for muscles

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20
Q

ROM

A

Is the measurement of the amount of movement around a specific joint or body part

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21
Q

7 functions of the skeleton:

A

Movement
Protection
Attachment
Storage of minerals
Support
Shape
Production of blood cells

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22
Q

Storage of minerals

A

Minerals can be released from bone to ensure essential chemical reactions, bones store 90% of calcium as well as minerals in the bone marrow.

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23
Q

Shape

A

Slight skeletal differences determine favoured sport

24
Q

Extension

A

Where the angle between 2 bones increases

25
Q

Circumduction

A

Movement up, down, forwards and backwards

26
Q

Dorsi flexion

A

Movement where toes are pulled towards the knee (ankle only)

27
Q

Ligaments

A

Bands of fibres that are attached to the bones and link the joints together.
Remain under tension so bones stay pulled towards each other.

28
Q

Ligaments

A

Bands of fibres that are attached to the bones and link the joints together.
Remain under tension so bones stay pulled towards each other.

29
Q

Tendons

A

Very strong cords that join the muscle to the bone.

30
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle or group of muscles responsible for movement.

31
Q

Antagonists

A

Muscles that act to produce the opposite movement to the agonist. They work in antagonistic pairs.

32
Q

Eccentric contractionL

A

Lengthening of the muscle

33
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Shortening of the muscle

34
Q

Bursae

A

Sacks of fluid which reduce friction

35
Q

Cartilage

A

Tough but flexible smooth elastic tissue which prevents friction and stops bones from rubbing together.

36
Q

Joint capsules

A

Encloses/ supports

37
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Produces lubrication

38
Q

Synovial joint

A

An area of the body where 2 or more bones meet (articulate) to allow a range of movements.

39
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Secretes synovial fluid

40
Q

Chest muscle

41
Q

Arm muscle front

42
Q

Stomach muscles

A

Abdominals

43
Q

Hip muscles front

A

Hip flexors

44
Q

Thigh muscles front

A

Quadriceps

45
Q

Shin muscle front

A

Tibial is anterior

46
Q

Shoulder muscles back

A

Rotator cuffs

47
Q

Back muscle

A

Latissimus dorsi

48
Q

Upper arm muscle/shoulder back

49
Q

Upper arm muscle back

50
Q

Buttocks muscles

51
Q

Upper leg back

A

Hamstrings

52
Q

Calf muscle

A

Gastrocnemius

53
Q

Shoulder muscles

A

Pectorals and latissimus dorsi

54
Q

Elbow muscles

A

Biceps and triceps

55
Q

Hip muscles

A

Hip flexor and gluteus maximus

56
Q

Knee muscles

A

Hamstrings and quads

57
Q

Ankle muscles

A

Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius

GCSE PE (AQA) (6 decks)

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