1.2 - Socialisation

Question 1

Give evidence to prove the nature debate.

Answer 1

BOUCHARD - Twin studies (Oskar&Jack)

Experiments (Bruce Reimer)

Question 2

Give evidence to prove the nurture debate.

Answer 2

Feral children/lack of human contact (Oxana Malaya &Genie)

Cross-cultural studies (Hamar/Tchambuli tribes)

History (behaviour and attitudes change over time E.G. Homosexuality)

Question 3

What is socialisation?

Answer 3

When an individual learns the norms and values of society,

Question 4

What is primary socialisation?

Answer 4

Occurs between the ages of 0-5 and is taught by the family, mostly through imitation and sanctions.

Question 5

What is secondary socialisation?

Answer 5

This occurs after the age of 5 and is taught by several agents.

Question 6

Peer Group & Secondary Socialisation

Answer 6

Important during school years (5-18) and can be a source of rebellion. Individuals desire to conform to the rules of the leaders so learn what is acceptable.

Question 7

Peer Groups & Socialisation - JUDITH HARRIS

Answer 7

Peer group can be more influential than the family.

Question 8

Peer group & Socialisation - TONY SEWELL

Answer 8

We have ‘cultural comfort zones’ where we associate with those similar to ourselves. E.G. African-Caribbean boys.

Question 9

Education & Secondary Socialisation

Answer 9

Everyone learns the formal curriculum, but sociologists believe there is a hidden curriculum taught by teachers. E.G. School structure teaches students to obey.

Question 10

Education & Socialisation - BOWLES&GINTIS

Answer 10

Argued that the education system brainwashed children into obedience and unquestioning attitude needed to work. Also taught to believe that society is meritocratic and fair.

Question 11

Media & Secondary Socialisation

Answer 11

The media’s representation of groups influences audience’s views, E.G. Presentation of women. Also encourages violence through films/games and has created a consumer culture based on celebrity endorsements.

Question 12

Media & Secondary Socialisation - MULVEY

Answer 12

Cameras in films have a male gaze and ‘eye up’ female characters which encourages viewers to assess their attractiveness from a male perspective.

Question 13

Media &a Secondary Socialisation - JOCK YOUNG

Answer 13

The media has created a bulimic society where even those with little money have the desire to worship success, money, wealth (etc) but are also excluded from it. This explains criminality in WC youths.

Question 14

Religion & Secondary Socialisation

Answer 14

Even though the UK is becoming more secular, many of our laws and morals are based on Christianity.

Question 15

Religion & Secondary Socialisation - MODOOD & BERTHOUD

Answer 15

67% of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis saw religion as important compared to 5% of white British youths.

Question 16

Workplace & Secondary Socialisation

Answer 16

Resocialises people into new norms and values formally and informally.
FORMAL - code of conduct, dress code, behaviour.
INFORMAL - silent treatment from employees.

Question 17

Workplace & Secondary Socialisation - WADDINGTON

Answer 17

A ‘canteen culture’ at work where there are different norms and values that people are socialised to accept. E.G a police officer may not be racist but is socialised into the racist canteen culture of the police force.

Question 18

What is social control?

Answer 18

Ways through which our behaviour is controlled. It can be formal or informal.

Question 19

What is formal social control?

Answer 19

Institutions that directly and explicitly control there behaviour of the population. E.G. The police, the courts, the military.

Question 20

What is informal social control?

Answer 20

Institutions that control our behaviour more subtly, E.G. The peer group, media, education (hidden curriculum).