12 - review 2

Question 1

outline the location and symptoms of a subfalcine herniation

Answer 1

Subfalcine Herniation - below the line of falx cerebri
• Most common
• May be asymptomatic
• Symptoms can include headache and contralateral leg weakness if anterior cerebral artery affected
• Midline shift on CT

Question 2

outline the location and symptoms of a uncal herniation

Answer 2

Uncal Herniation
• The uncus, the medial part of the temporal lobe, is displaced across the tentorial opening.
• As the herniation progresses the uncus puts pressure on the midbrain
• Ipsilateral oculomotor nerve – ipsilateral dilated pupil
• Compression of cerebral peduncle – contralateral leg weakness
• Above signs may be false localising if midbrain is pushed against opposite side of tentorium
• Decreased level of consciousness

Question 3

outline the location and symptoms of a tonsialr herniation

Answer 3

Tonsillar herniation
• The cerebellar tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum
• Compression of medulla and upper spinal cord
• Brainstem affected - cardiac and respiratory dysfunction
• Decreased level of consciousness

Question 4

outline cushings reflex

Answer 4

• If raised ICP is not treated and continues to rise.
• Poor prognostic sign
• Last effort to perfuse brain
• Triad:
• High BP
• Bradycardia
• Low respiratory rate – altered breathing pattern
• Ischemia at medulla –> sympathetic activation –> Rise in blood pressure + tachycardia. Baroreceptors react –> bradycardia
• Ischemia at pons/medulla at respiratory centres–> low respiratory rate.
• If untreated - death

Question 5

breif outline of
TACS
PACS
LACS
POCS

Answer 5

give it a go
check against review slides if ya need
this info is in alot of other flash card sets thou

Question 6

go to review 2 and read the questions from the lecture

Answer 6

do it