12: Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties Flashcards
Yangdi
-Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618. -Restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system. -Strengthed foundations for political unification and posperity in Sui economic prosperity at first but then brought it’s downfall.
Li Yuan
-AKA Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assisnation of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu. -Took over empire following assisnation of Yangdi. -First emperor of Tang dynasty.
Chang’an
-Capital of Tang dyanasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time. -Capital of Tang dyanasty.
Ministry of Rites
-Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars. -Helped those of lower classes get into higher ranking positions without connections.
jinhsi
-Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office.
pure land Buddhism
-Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society. -Popular among masses of Chinese society.
Chan Buddhism (China)/ Zen Buddhism (Japan)
-Stressed meditiation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; Chan popular with elite members of Chinese society. -Main religion of upper classes of Chinese society,.
Empress Wu
-Tang ruler 690-705 C.E. in China; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created. -Supported Buddhist establishment. -Tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created.
Wuzong
-Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monastaries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology. -Openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monastaries in 840s. -Reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology.
Xuanzong
-Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion. -Encouraged overexpansion. -Weaked dynasty.
Yang Guifei
-Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt. -Packed upper levels of government with her greedy relatives. -Led to revolt.
Zhao Kuangyin
-Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following the fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dtnasty that remained independent. -Founder of Song dynasty. -Failed to overcome northern Liao dtnasty that remained independent.
Liao Dynasty
-Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan people from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China. -Nomads independant of Song. -Weakened Song through attacks.
Khitans
-Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century. -Militarily superior to Song dynasty. -Forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century.
Zhu Xi
-Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philisophical principles to everyday life and action. -Influenced culture, beliefs, and women’s rights in Song Era.
neo- Confucians
-Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences. -Emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences. -Changed culture such as lessened women’s rights.
Tangut
-Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern Songl conquered by Mongols in 1226. -Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China.
Xi Xia
-Kingdom of Tangut people north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry. -Collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry.
Wang Anshi
-Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society. -Introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists. -Advocated greater state intervention in society.
Jurchens
-Founders of the Qin kingdom that succeedd the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south. -Founders of the Qin kingdom that succeedd the Liao in northern China. -Forced Song to flee to south.
Jin
-Kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by Jurchens in1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty; ended in 1234. -Overthrew Liao dynasty. -Forced Song to flee south.
Southern Song
-Rump state of Song dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history. -One of most glorious reigns in Chinese history culturally.
Grand Canal
-Built in 7th century during reign of Yandi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the the north China plainwith the Yandtze river basin to the south; nearly 1200 miles long. -Linkedthe original centers of Chinese civilization on the the north China plainwith the Yandtze river basin to the south. -Helped trade and economy.
junks
-Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fanders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula. -Dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula. -Improved economic activity.
