12 - Respiration Flashcards
What are the four stages of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
Link reaction
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
What are the four stages of glycolysis?
Phosphorylation of glucose to phosphorylated glucose
Lysis of phosphorylated glucose to triose phosphate
Oxidation of triose phosphate
Production of ATP
What are the end products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvate molecules
4 ATP molecules
Reduced NAD
How and why is glucose phosphorylated in glycolysis?
Two ATP molecules each lose an inorganic phosphate to the glucose, leading to two ADP molecules. The glucose activation energy is decreased.
How many hydrogen molecules are removed in the oxidation of triose phosphate?
Each triose phosphate loses 2 hydrogen molecules to NAD.
Where does the link reaction take place?
Matrix of the mitochondria
Describe the link reaction process.
Pyruvate is oxidised to acetate, losing CO2 and reducing NAD by losing 2H in the process. Acetate combines with coenzyme A to produce acetylcoenzyme A.
How many carbons does acetate have?
2
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
Matrix of mitochondria
Describe the stages of the Krebs cycle.
AcetylCoA + C4 molecule goes to C6 molecule
2CO2 is formed and reduced NAD and reduced FAD and 1ATP
Forms the C4 molecule again
What are the products of Krebs cycle for one molecule of pyruvate?
Reduced FAD, reduced NAD
1ATP
2CO2
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
Cristae of mitochondria
How are more metabolically active cells adapted?
More mitochondria
More densely folded cristae
Where do electrons entering the Electron Transfer Chain come from? (Respiration)
From reduced NAD and reduced FAD, forming NAD and FAD
