1.2 Performance Characteristics of Fibres Flashcards
What do low level twists produce?
Weak, soft, bulky yarn
What do high level twists produce?
Strong, smooth and dense yarn
What can too much twist cause?
The yarn to become crinkly
What affects a yarns working and aesthetic properties?
Fibre type, thickness of yarn and tightness of twist
What are the 7 types of yarn?
- Staple yarns
- Filament yarns
- Single yarns
- Plied yarns
- Core spun yarns
- Textured yarns
- Fancy yarns
What are the characteristics of staple fibres?
Hairy, give fabrics texture and a soft, fuller handle, they are good insulators
Why are staple yarns weaker than filament yarns?
Regularity in the thickness of yarn is harder to achieve
Why are staple yarns expensive?
More stages and energy required
What are the characteristics of filament yarns?
Smooth, strong, not as good insulators
How are plied yarns made?
Twisting two or more single yarns together
How are core spun yarns made?
Twisting a sheath of staple or filament yarn around a filament core made from a different fibre
What are characteristics of textured yarns?
Add bulk and interest, soft and good insulators
What are textured yarns used in?
Sportswear, swimwear, underwear and tights
How do fancy yarns change the appearance and handle of fabrics?
Add irregularities and other effects
What can bouclé yarn add?
Colour and give a textured bumpy feel
What are 4 types of fancy yarn?
- Boucle yarn
- Slub yarn
- Chenille yarn
- Metallised yarn
What does a slub yarn add?
Thicker and thinner sections making it an uneven texture
What type of appearance does a chenille make?
Fuzzy, bulky and soft appearance
How are blends achieved?
Spinning two or more different fibres together to make a yarn
What are the 3 types of weave?
- Plain weave
- Twill weave
- Satin weave
What are the main characteristics of plain weave?
Simplest and cheapest weave, has the maximum number of interlacing points making it strong, looks the same on both sides
What are examples of plain weave?
- Calico
- Canvas
- Muslin
- Shirting
- Chambray
- Flannel
What are the main characteristics of twill weave?
Hardest wearing weave, more expensive, definite right and wrong side
What are the uses of plain weave?
Garment and interior products, sheeting
