1.2: Memory Storage & Retrieval

Question 1

sensory memory

Answer 1

seeing information really quickly at first

(first step of Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory)

Question 2

echoic memory

Answer 2

• type of sensory memory
• fleeting auditory memory— remember the last 4 seconds of what your mom told you

Question 3

iconic memory

Answer 3

fleeting photographic memory

i.e. remember diagram on board

Question 4

capacity of short-term/ working memory

Answer 4

small capacity: we can only process a small amount of information

Question 5

limits of long-term memory

Answer 5

limitless storage

Question 6

long-term potentiation and how it’s disrupted

Answer 6

• strengthened neurons fire— long-term memories
• drugs can block or enhance LTP— affects memory

Question 7

amygdala

Answer 7

• 2 emotion-processing clusters in limbic system
• makes proteins for memory in brain

Question 8

flashbulb memory

Answer 8

• clear memories of surprise, significant events, etc.

— remember exact details of big event/ emotions

i. e. where you were during 9/11
i. e. when you were told your brother died

Question 9

explicit memories

Answer 9

• knowing things
• declarative
• conscious recall
• facts/ personal info

Question 10

implicit memories

Answer 10

• how to do something
• nondeclarative
• without conscious recall
• motor skills

————–remember how to play piano

Question 11

declarative vs nondeclarative

Answer 11

declarative= explicit

nondeclarative= implicit

Question 12

hippocampus

Answer 12

remember explicit memories: locations, verbal information, memories

Question 13

cerebellum

Answer 13

implicit memories: conditioning reflexes, motor memory

Question 14

infantile amnesia

Answer 14

remember nothing of first 3 years of life, even though we keep our implicit skills

Question 15

recall,

recognition,

relearning

Answer 15

recall- retrieve information (fill-in-blank)

recognition- look at photo and know them (multiple choice)

relearning- study for final exam- learn forgotten vocab. again

Question 16

priming

Answer 16

“wakening of associates”

• retrieval method
  i. e. hear “croissant”— visualize croissant— hungry

Question 17

how can context aid memory recall

Answer 17

same place— think about same things/ better memory

Question 18

state-dependant memory

Answer 18

• remember things better in the state we learned them in

—i.e. drunk man hides money— remembers where he put it when he’s drunk

Question 19

context-dependent memory

Answer 19

• remember something better in the context that we learned/ thought about it in

—i.e. sitting in dining room, need scissors from kitchen— go to kitchen, forgot why you were there— went back to dining room, remembered

Question 20

mood-congruent memory

Answer 20

• emotions that accompany events– retrieval clues.

—i.e. bad day— remember everything/ everyone as mean/ bad/ sad

—i.e. happy memories- easier to retrieve when person is happy