1.2 Isotopes and Applications Flashcards
Q: Why do isotopes of the same element have identical chemical properties?
A: They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
Q: Define isotopes.
A: Atoms of the same element with the same proton number but different nucleon numbers.
Q: What is the difference between radioactive and non-radioactive isotopes?
A: Radioactive isotopes are unstable and emit radiation [alpha, beta, gamma], while non-radioactive isotopes are stable.
Q: Give an example of a radioactive isotope used in medicine.
A: Iodine-131, used for diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders.
Q: Give an example of a radioactive isotope used in industry.
A: Cobalt-60, used for sterilizing medical equipment and detecting structural flaws.
Q: What is relative atomic mass (Ar)?
A: The weighted average of the relative isotopic masses of an element.
Q: How do you calculate relative atomic mass (Ar)?
formula
A: Ar = (isotopic mass × relative abundance) / 100.
Q: Identify the isotopes of hydrogen.
A: Protium (1 proton, 0 neutrons), Deuterium (1 proton, 1 neutron), Tritium (1 proton, 2 neutrons).
Q: Why do isotopes have different physical properties?
A: They have different numbers of neutrons, affecting their mass.
Q: What is the nucleon number of carbon-14?
A: 14 (6 protons + 8 neutrons).
