1.2 Human anatomical systems and sensory organs

Question 1

The upper respiratory tract consists of

Answer 1

Mouth, nose and nasal cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

Question 2

The lower respiratory tract consists of

Answer 2

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Diaphragm

Question 3

Most body organs are supplied by two separate sets of motor neurone nerves; one from the sympathetic system and one from the parasympathetic system. These neurones have opposite (or antagonistic) effects. In general the sympathetic
system

Answer 3

stimulates the ‘fight or flight’ responses to threatening situations

Question 4

Most body organs are supplied by two separate sets of motor neurone nerves; one from the sympathetic system and one from the parasympathetic system. These neurones have opposite (or antagonistic) effects. In general the

Answer 4

parasympathetic system relaxes the body

Question 5

The skin is the body’s largest organ, covering the entire outside of the body and
weighing approximately 3 kilos. In addition to serving as a protective shield against
heat, light, injury, and infection, the skin also: 3

Answer 5

 regulates body temperature

 stores water, fat, and vitamin D

 can sense painful and pleasant stimulation.

Question 6

The skin is made up of the following layers, with each layer performing specific
functions: 3

Answer 6

 Epidermis

 Dermis

 Subcutaneous (fat) layer.

Question 7

The epidermis is the thin outer layer of the skin. The epidermis itself is made up of three sub-layers:

Answer 7

 Stratum corneum (horny layer)

 Keratinocytes

 Basal layer

Question 8

The dermis is the middle layer of the skin. The dermis is made up of the following: 4

Answer 8

 Blood vessels

 Lymph vessels

 Hair follicles

 Sweat glands

Question 9

Pneumoconiosis is

Answer 9

When dust particles of a certain size of some substances are inhaled the lungs are
unable to remove them. The particles become embedded in the lungs