12. Histology of Accessory Organs (Pancreas, Liver, and Glands) Dennis

Question 1

3 main digestive glands are?

Answer 1

1. Major salivary glands
2. Exocrine pancreas
3. Liver

Question 2

What type of secretory cell is shown here; secretes what?

Answer 2

• Mucous acini
• Glycoprotein-rich product

Question 3

What type of secretory cell is shown here?

Answer 3

• Serous acini

Question 4

What type of secretory cell is shown here?

Answer 4

Mucoserous

Question 5

What type of gland is this, distinguishing features, and label the arrows!

Answer 5

• Parotid Gland
• Pyramidial cells w/ basally located nuclei

Question 6

What type of gland is this?

Answer 6

Parotid gland

*Pyramidal shaped cells!*

Question 7

What type of gland is this?

Answer 7

Sublingual gland

Question 8

What type of gland is this, distinguishing features, label arrows!

Answer 8

• Sublingual gland
• Mixed gland, but predominantly mucous

Question 9

What type of gland is this?

Answer 9

Submandibular gland

Question 10

What type of gland is this; distinguishing features (all the arrows)?

Answer 10

• Submandibular
• Serous cells are predominant
• Mucous cells are capped by serous demilumes (‘bonnet’)

Question 11

What is shown here?

Answer 11

• Hepatic lobule

Question 12

What is shown here, the ‘stick’ like structures?

Answer 12

Bile canaliculi

Question 13

What is shown here and what do each of the letters represent?

Answer 13

• Hepatic lobule

C = central venule

S = sinusoids

H = hepatocytes

Question 14

What is depicted by this picture?

Answer 14

Portal Triad (hepatic artery, bile duct, and portal vein)

Question 15

What is a hepatic lobule, what shape is it?

Answer 15

• Structural unit of kidney
• Hexagonal in shape

Question 16

What is a portal lobule based on; what is the central axis?

Answer 16

• Bile drainage pathway from adjacent lobules toward the same bile duct
• Portal triad is the central axis, so it consists of 3 hexagons connected to one another

Question 17

What are the liver acinus based on, and what determines the boundaries; establishes what?

Answer 17

• [O2] gradient along sinusoids of adjacent lobules
• Boundaries determined by a terminal branch of the hepatic a
• Establishes zones I, II, III

Question 18

Which zone is closest and furthest from the portal triad?

Answer 18

Zone I = closest

Zone III = furthest away

Question 19

What is the Perisinusoidal space of Disse; contains; what takes place here?

Answer 19

• Separates the basolateral domain of the hepatocyte from blood circulating in hepatic sinusoid
• Contains Type I, III, and IV collagen fibers
• Protein absorption and secretion

Question 20

How does blood, bile and lymph flow within the liver?

Answer 20

Blood/lymph flow in the opposite direction from bile

Question 21

Excess fluid in the space of Disse is collected where and then what happens?

Answer 21

Collected in the space of mall and then drained by lymphatic vessels

Question 22

Describe what happens in Zone 1 of the liver?

Answer 22

• Closest to blood supply (so will be affected by immune response 1st)
• First to receive oxygen, nutrients, and toxins
• First to regenerate
• Last to die

Question 23

Describe what happens in Zone 3 of the liver?

Answer 23

• First to show necrosis
• Last to respons to toxins and bile stasis

Question 24

What type of cell is shown here and its function?

Answer 24

• Kupffer cells
• Specialized macrophages along the sinusoids, detect and phagocytose effete erythrocytes

Question 25

What is shown by the arrow on the left and right?

Answer 25

Left = microvili lining of bile canaliculus Right = bile canaliculus

Question 26

Many pathologies are described from what functional part of the liver? Which way are they best understood?

Answer 26

Described from viewpoint of classic lobule, but **best** understood from viewpoint of liver acini

Question 27

What type of gland is the exocrine pancreas?

Answer 27

Branched tubuloacinar gland

Question 28

What is the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas; functon?

Answer 28

Serous acinus; secrete digestive enzymes

Question 29

Which cells of the pancreas secrete HCO3?

Answer 29

Centroacinar cells \*Found centrally\*

Question 30

Pancreatic acinar cell is characterized by?

Answer 30

1. Well developed RER 2. Prominent golgi apparatus 3. Apical domain of **zymogen granules**

Question 31

What occurs w/ premature release of pancreatic enzymes; particularly which one?

Answer 31

- Autodigestion of the pancreatic gland, particularly w/ **trypsin to trypsinogen** - Results in **acute pancreatitis**

Question 32

Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by; major cause?

Answer 32

- Fibrosis and partial or total destruction of the pancreatic tissue - Alchohol is the major cause

Question 33

Majority of patients w/ cystic fibrosis also have what other condition; what about CF causes this?

Answer 33

- Chronic pancreatitis - Thick sticky mucus obstructs the duct passages of airways, pancreatic, and biliary ducts

Question 34

What organ is this; also label A and B?

Answer 34

- Pancreas A = acinar B= centroacinar