1.2 Hardware Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Router

Connects different networks
Works at network layer
Stores net layout in a routing table

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Switches

Similar to Router but send between individual devices on their LAN using MAC address.

Work at Data Link Layer

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MAC Address

Media Access Control.

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What switch is used onboard?

NavIS

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Hubs

Read incoming packets and transmit outbound.

Works at Physical Layer.

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Repeater

Similar to HUB but used to extend distance.

Works at Physical Layer.

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Array

A storage system which contains multiple storage drives.

Features cache memory, RAID, encryption.

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RAID

Redundant Array of Independant Disks

Provide protection and recovery from hardware defects and read errors.

We use RAID 5 (Distributed Parity), which requires at least 3 drives.

Works by striping the data and calculating a parity using XOR. If one drive fails, the parity can be used to calculate the missing bit and write it on a new drive to recover the data.

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SAS

Serial Attached SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)

Connects storage arrays in CMS to computer systems IOT transfer data using serial signalling.

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SATA II

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

Connects storage arrays in CMS to computer systems IOT transfer data using serial signalling.

Cross compatible with SAS.

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Shared SAS

Attaching a storage array to multiple servers.

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Transmission mediums

Medium which propogates energy waves (EM, Sound)

Copper
Fibre
RF
Waveguides
Water

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Twisted Pair Cabling

Two conductors are twisted together.

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Unshielded Twisted Pair

Outer jacket
Ripcord
Twisted wires

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Shielded Twisted Pair

3 types:
Foil on outer shell
Foil on each pair
Foil on both

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Shielded Twisted Pair

3 types:
Foil on outer shell
Foil on each pair
Foil on both

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CAT Cable

9 different types of Cat Cable.

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Ethernet Naming: Physical mediums

T: Twisted Pair
F: Fibre Optic
S: Short Range Fibre
L: Long Range Fibre
K: Copper backplane
C: Balanced copper cable
B: Two wavelengths over single optical cable
S: Short range multi-mode optical cable
L: Long range optical cable
E: Extended range optical cable
Z: Long range single mode cable

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Ethernet naming: Speeds

10 = 10 megabits
10G = 10 gigabits

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Ethernet naming: Frequencies

BASE: Baseband - narrow freq range (single signal)
BROAD: Broadband - wide freq range (muliple signals)
PASS: Passband - regulated freq range (for multiplexing)

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Encoding

X: 4B/5B block coding
R: 64B/66B block coding

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Block Coding

4B/5B maps 4 bits of data onto groups of 5 bits for transmission. So it sends 5 bits in a 4 bit string because it has a table to convert.

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Ethernet naming: 100 Base 1

Serial

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Construction of COAX

Jacket
Shield
Insulator
Core

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Ethernet Naming: T

Twisted Pair

Ethernet naming: F

Fibre Optic

Ethernet naming: S

Short Range Fibre

Ethernet Naming: L

Long Range Fibre (100m - 10km)

Ethernet naming: K

Copper backplane

Ethernet naming: C

Balanced Copper cable

Ethernet naming: B

Optical cable, two wavelengths

Ethernet naming: Z

Short range multimodal optical cable

Ethernet naming: E

Extended range optical cable (10km to 40km)

Ethernet naming: X

4B/5B block encoding

Ethernet naming: R

64B/66B block encoding

Ethernet naming: 1

Serial (but implied, not written)

Ethernet naming: 4 or 10

Number of parallel lanes, available for copper wire

Ethernet naming: BASE

Baseband Narrow freq range One signal on cable

Ethernet naming: BROAD

Broadband Wide frequency range Multiple signals on same channel

PASS

Passband Regulated frequency range Allows multiplexing

What is 10 BASE T

Ordinary telephone twisted pair, used for Ethernet LANs

What is Thinnet?

10 Base 2

What is the military version of Thinnet?

RG-58 C/U

What is thicknet?

10 Base 5 Center conductor Dielectric Foil Braid Foil Braid Outer jacket

Advantages of Optical Fibre

Low attenuation Immune to noise High bandwidth Secure (difficult to tap)

What is single mode fibre optic cable?

Small diamettral core that allows a single mode of light to propagate. 9 microns. Low attenuation. Lower bandwidth.

What is multimode optic fibre?

Large diametral core that allows multiple modes of light ot propagate. 62.5 or 50 microns. More data can pass through. Because of the spread of arrival time at the recieving point, there is a need to leave space between pulses which limits the amount of data which can be sent, especially over large distance where this effect is amplified.

What are the components of a fibre optic cable?

Core Cladding Tube Outer Sheath.

What is Gigabit Ethernet?

Server to swtich connectivity. 1Gbps minimum.

What is OFDM

Orthnoganal Frequency Division Multiplexing Uses overlapping signals to carry data on several parallel channels.

What is the current WiFi standard

IEEE 802.11n

What is SISO? SIMO? MISO? MIMO?

Single Input Single Output Single Input Multiple Output Multiple Input Single Output Multiple Input Multiple Output MIMO uses multiple antennas to transmit mutliple signals and combine them at the reciever to reduce interference and error. Transmits into medium, not into a device.

What is bluetooth?

Transmits data in packets on 79 channels and uses frequency hopping.

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network Communication standards for digital transmission over Public Switched Telephone Network BRI and PRI

What is BRI

Basic Rate Interface 2x 64 kbps "B" channels 1x 16 kbps "D" channels

What is PRI?

Primary Rate Interface 23x 64 kbps "B" channels 1x 16 kbps "D" channel

100 Base **4** or 100 Base **10**

Parallel, copper

100 Base 5

Fibre. Any number except 1, 4, or 10 is fibre.

What is a Firewall?

Restricts internet traffic into, out of, and within a private network. Works at the Network and Transport layers.

Draw and label the Thicknet cable.

Draw and label the Thinnet cable.

What is a NIC?

Network Interface Card. Works at the Data Link. It implements the phyiscal layer circuitry to communicate with a data link layer standard such as ethernet or wifi. It controls data flow in and out of devices.

What is a network Bridge?

Used to connect two networks. Typically used to connect a legacy network which can no longer be expanded.

What layer is a network Switch?

Layer 2. A switch will manage connections on the network.

What layer is a Hub?

Layer 1. Basically creates a bus, making it essentially just a physical component. No thinking.

What layer is a Router?

Layer 2. It uses IP addressing IOT to do higher level switching.

What are the 3 techniques used in RAID?

Parity, Mirroring, Striping

Label the FIbre cable

Label the Fiber cable