1.1 Network Topology

Question 1

Define LAN

Answer 1

Close geographical area network

Question 2

Define WAN

Answer 2

Connects multiple LANs, often over large distances.

Question 3

Define MAN

Answer 3

Special type of WAN for a metropolitan area such as a city.

Question 4

Define Enterprise Network.

Answer 4

Business based network.

Question 5

Define World Wide Web.

Answer 5

Information space for resources, uses URLs (Uniform Resource Locators)

Question 6

Define Network Backbone

Answer 6

Part of computer network which carries majority of network traffic.

Question 7

Define DWAN

Answer 7

Unclassed network.

Store Protected A or encrypted Pro B

Process Protected B

Question 8

Define CSNI

Answer 8

Consolidated Secret Network Infrastructure

Canadian Secret (Level II) network

CAN-US Network.

Question 9

Define NSWAN

Answer 9

NATO Secret Wide Area Network

NATO Secret (Level II) network.

Question 10

Define CMFP

Answer 10

Combined Maritime Forces - Pacific

American Secret (Level II), 15 eyes

Question 11

Define CMFC

Answer 11

Combined Maritime Forces - Central

American Secret (Level II) network. 20 eyes.

Question 12

Define MLEC

Answer 12

Multi-Lateral Enduring Contigency

US Coast Guard Command and Control Network.

Question 13

Define CDSE

Answer 13

Cryptographic Direct Support Element

Top Secret (Level III)

Question 14

What is a network phyisical topology?

Answer 14

Geographical location of components and physical connection.

Question 15

What is a network logical topology?

Answer 15

Based on flow of data.

Question 16

What are 4 basic types of network topologies?

Answer 16

P2P
Ring
Star
Bus

Question 17

What is P2P topology? Advantages and Disadvantages?

Answer 17

Dedicated link between two machines.

Pro: Fast and simple

Con: Doesnt scale up well.

Question 18

What is a ring topology? Advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 18

Pros: Low risk of collision using token-based protocol. Cheap, easy.

Cons. Bandwidth is shared by every node is in the network. Loss of one node will collapse the network. IOT make changes, you need to shut down the entire network.

Question 19

What is Contention?

Answer 19

Multiple nodes putting data on the line at the same time, resulting in collision.

Question 20

What methods are used to avoid Contention?

Answer 20

CSMA
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CA

Question 21

What is CSMA?

Answer 21

Carrier Sense Multiple Access

Listens to the line to verify the absence of other traffic before transmitting.

Question 22

What is CSMA/CD?

Answer 22

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect

Same as CSMA but terminates the transmission when a collision is detected, thereby shortening the time until another retry can be attempted.

Question 23

What is CSMA/CA?

Answer 23

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance

If a transmission is detected on the line, the node waits a random amount of time before sending its data, reducing the statistical likelihood of collision.

Question 24

What is starvation?

Answer 24

When a node cannot get a chance to send data because the line is constantly busy.

Question 25

What is star topology? Advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 25

Every network node is connected to one central node (hub or switch) Advantages: If anything except the central nodes goes down, network remains up. New nodes can be added without taking the system offline. Fewer cabling. Easy to manage from the central hub Disadvantages: If central node fails, the entire network fails.

Question 26

What is the bus topology? Advantage and disadvantages?

Answer 26

Each node connected to a common bus (backbone). Advantages: Cheap, easy, graceful degradation, broadcasting is easy. Disadvantages: If the line fails, the network fails. Bandwidth shared between all nodes. More collisions.

Question 27

What is Ethernet?

Answer 27

A familty of networking standards that covers the Physical and Data Link Layer. It describes how detwork devices format and transmit data packets to other devices on the network. Physical topology is Star Logical toplogy is Bus Uses CSMA/CD Supports up to 100 Gbps

Question 28

Define Peer to Peer connections

Answer 28

Devices share resources with eachother. Cheap, simple, decentralized, less secure.

Question 29

Define Client-Server model.

Answer 29

Resources are stored on servers and requested by clients. Very scalable and accessible. Expensive, requires maintenance, server is SPoF.