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CDS restorative dentistry > 12. Gingival and Periodontal Diseases > Flashcards

12. Gingival and Periodontal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what is periodontology?

A

the study of periodontal tissues in health and disease; including causes, prevention and the treatment of diseases of the periodontal tissues.

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2
Q

what is part of the peritoneum?

A

gingival
periodontal ligament
root cementum
alveolar bone

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3
Q

what is ACJ?

A

smell-cemental junction
- same as CEJ

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4
Q

what is CEJ?

A

cementoenamel junction
- same as ACJ

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5
Q

what are the ACJ and CEJ?

A

junctional enamel where the root meets the crown

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6
Q

how big is the sulcus in healthy gums?

A

1mm

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7
Q

what is periodontal health?

A

the outcome of the balance between bacteria of the dental plaque and the host immune system

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8
Q

does gingivitis always progress to periodontitis?

A

no

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9
Q

what rate does periodontitis progress?

A

at different rates at different sites in mouth and different people

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10
Q

what does gingivitis effect?
what is not effected?

A

no bone resorption or clinical attachment loss.
only effects soft tissue

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11
Q

what factor causes prevalence of periodontal disease to increase?

A

age

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12
Q

what is the definition of inflammation?

A

biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells or irritants. inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate healing process.

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13
Q

why does periodontitis often go a long time without treatment?

A

there is no drastic symptoms so may not know unless told by dentist
- don’t seek help until function is impaired ie too late

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14
Q

what are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

pain
heat
redness
swelling
loss of function

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15
Q

how do you resolve inflammation in periodontitis?

A

no resolution

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16
Q

what happens do vessels during inflammation?

A

.dilation
.increased permeability of walls
.inflammatory exudate
.emigration if white blood cells from blood vessels into the connective tissue

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17
Q

what are the risk factors of periodontal disease?

A

general health
pathological conditions
genetics
function of immune system

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18
Q

what additional pathological condition effect periodontal health?

A
  • viral infections
  • bacterial infections
  • diabetes mellitus
  • hypoxia
  • liver disease
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19
Q

how does general health effect periodontal disease?

A

stress
fatigue
smoking
diet
medications
hygienic habits

20
Q

what are the 2 types of local risk factors for periodontal disease?

A

acquired
anatomical

21
Q

describe the acquired local risk factor for periodontal disease?

A

plaque
calculus
overhanging
poorly contoured restorations

22
Q

describe the anatomical local risk factor for periodontal disease?

A

malpositioned teeth
root grooves
concavities and furcations
enamel pearls

23
Q

name the 2 systemic risk factors for periodontal disease?

A

non-modifiable
modifiable

24
Q

what are non-modifiable systemic risk factors of periodontal disease?

A

ageing
genetic facts

25
Q

what are modifiable systemic risk facts of periodontal disease?

A

smoking
poorly controlled diabetes
stress
medication
hormonal changes
poor nutrition
socioeconomic status

26
Q

how can bacteria vary?

A

number
virulence
formation of biofilm

27
Q

what is biofilm?

A

a biofilm is an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other on a surface. these adherent cells are embedded within a self-produced matrix pf extracellular polymeric substance (DNA, proteins, polysaccharide).

28
Q

where do biofilms from?

A

.on living or nonliving surfaces
. inside water or sewage pipes
. prevalent in natural, industrial and hospital settings

29
Q

name a type of biofilm.

A

dental plaque

30
Q

what 2 subcategories of biofilm is dental plaque?

A

subgingival
supragingival

31
Q

how can you view dental plaque?

A

discolouring agents

32
Q

what are the 4 stages of biofilm formation?

A

pellicle
association adhesion
growth
mature biofilm microcolonies

33
Q

what happens at the first stage of biofilm formation?

A

pellice - proteins and glycoproteins of saliva - a few minutes to form

34
Q

what happens at stage 2 of biofilm formation?

A

Association, adhesion - trailblazing bacteria - steptoccocus, antinomyces - possess adhesion molecules

35
Q

what happens at stage 3 of biofilm formations?

A

growth - microcolonies - production of polysaccharide matrix

36
Q

what is the last stage of biofilm formation?

A

mature biofilm microcolonies transition into metabolic complexes

37
Q

what is keystone bacteria?

A

contain low abundance microbial pathogens can cause inflammatory disease by increasing the quantity of the normal microbiota and by changing its condition and by interfering with the host immune system

38
Q

how does the immune system react to its own biofilm?

A

often launches inflammation against it

39
Q

what disrupts the homeostasis in periodontal disease?

A
  1. genetic conditions associated with the impairment of immune system eg. down syndromme
  2. diseases leading to impairment of immune system eg. leukaemia
40
Q

what happens when dental plaque becomes calcified?

A

turns to calculus

41
Q

symptoms of gingivitis?

A

erythema (redness)
swelling
bleeding pn gentle probing

42
Q

symptoms of periodontitis for patients?

A
  • bleeding on brushing
  • bad breath (halitosis) and taste]
  • sensitivity
  • drifting teeth
  • mobility
  • discomfort, pains occurs rarely most in necrotising ulcerative periodontal disease
43
Q

signs of periodontitis upon clinical examination?

A
  • bleeding on gentle probing
  • erythema, fibrosis, loss of knife edge margin
  • halitosis
  • swelling - falls pocket formation
  • bone loss (recession)
  • mobility
  • purulence
44
Q

how do you detect bone loss in periodontitis upon clinical examination?

A

increase clinical probing depth to see true pocket formation

45
Q

what is the difference between true pockets and false pockets in the gingiva?

A

true = loss of attachment (periodontitis)
false = gingival swelling (gingivitis )

CDS restorative dentistry (6 decks)

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