12. Exercise Training and Substrate Metabolism Flashcards
What are the training principles?
Overload (intensity, duration, frequency, mode), Specificity, Reversibility and Individual responses
What are the 2 types of training studies and what do they do?
Cross sectional - contrast between groups of subjects
Longitudinal - examines the course of adaptations over time
Fuel stores are altered during endurance training in the muscle. What adaptations occur due to this?
Increase in muscle glycogen due to an increase in insulin sensitivity, GLUT4 , glycogen synthase activity
Increase in intramuscular triglycerides.
Endurance training increases muscle glycogen but only in the participants that trained whilst fasted
yh cool
What is one of the main adaptations to endurance training that influences fuel utilization?
a decreases reliance on oxidation of carbohydrate and an increased reliance on fat during exercise
How does endurance exercise effect mitochondrial adaptation?
increases mitochondrial capacity to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. increase mitochondria density and number
How does endurance exercise effect muscle citrate synthase adaptation?
increases it, but only when you train fasted
What happens to free fatty acid availability and uptake from endurance exercise?
More FFA available as the bout of exercise goes on,
More FA uptake in trained individuals over untrained.
FA transport across mitochondrial membrane is enhanced by training.
What are the physiological adaptations with endurance training that influence the metabolic response?
increase in plasma volume
increase in SV
Decrease in submax HR
Max HR remains the same
Increased CO
increases total muscle blood flow during max exercise
Decreased regional blood flow during submax
Increased O2 extraction AV O2 difference
Decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure
What is the time course of training adaptations?
- Extent of adaptation is dependent on the training load
- Time course of most training-induced adaptation seems to parallel the time course of mitochondrial enzyme activities. However some alterations evident in 5-7d
Some occur very rapidly such as blood adrenaline concentration decreases within 5 days. Muscle GLUT4 increases (doubles in just under a month)
What adaptations is anaerobic training associated with?
Increased muscle mass
Increase force generating capacity
Increased power, anaerobic capacity, oxidative capacity
What adaptations does sprint training cause?
increases in glycolytic enzymes. aerobic capacity activity of mitochondrial enzymes Increased fat oxidation Glycogen sparing
What does resistance training to do insulin sensitivity?
Increases
