1.2 DNA Flashcards
What components make up a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base
What is a nucleotide?
Building block of DNA
What component has a charge? What is it?
The phosphate group has a negative charge
What are the base pairs?
A&T and C&G
How many rings do purines have and which bases are purines?
Purines have 2 rings–A and G
What are pyrimidines? What bases ?
One carbon ring, cytosine and thymine
Rosalind Franklin, Watson and Crick–What did they do?
Franklin-took an x ray image of DNA
Watson and Crick- coined structure a double helix
Erwin Chargaff-What did he discover?
A pairs with T and C pairs with G
What are RFLPs?
Restriction fragment length polymorphism-the fragment of DNA cut by restriction enzymes
How do we cut DNA?
Restriction enzymes
What is a chromosome?
Packaged DNA which contain numerous genes/segments of DNA that code for traits
Which base pair has 3 bonds—which has 2?
Cytosine and guanine have 3 hydrogenous bonds
Adenine and Thymine have 2 hydrogenous bonds
What is the difference in percentage between different people’s DNA
0.1%
DNA Extraction
(PLANTS ONLY) Cell walls-physical action to break down
Cell Membrane- Soap/detergents
Ethanol- Separates the components
Challenges During DNA extraction (3):
Contamination
Mixed Samples
Degradation - heat, UV rays, humidity
