1.2 Death Flashcards
- The action or fact of dying or being killed
- The end of the life of a person or organism
Death
______________ and _____________ are processes characterized by loss of function of the great organ systems (cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nervous system) and their coordination
Death and Dying
- That disease, injuiry or event, but for which death would not occured at the time it did
- The disease or injury that produces the physiological disruption inside the body resulting in death
Cause of Death
- Attempt to classify the death as to the circumstances by which death came about
- Defined as how the death came about
- A judgement based on circumstances surrounding the fatal event
Manner of Death
- Due entirely (or nearly so) to natural disease processes, no contribution from traumatic or external factors.
Natural
- Due to a volitional act of another person with the intent to cause fear, harm or death; death caused by the intentional actions of another person.
Homicide
_____________ does not indicate a criminal homicide, which is determined by the legal process and not by the certifier of death.
Homicidal manner
- Due to injury that occurred with the intent to induce self-harm or cause one’s own death; connotes a death due to one’s own intentional acts.
Suicide
- Due to injury when there is no evidence of intent to harm; death due to unforeseen traumatic or external factors.
Accident
- The manner of death is not known or could not be determined; inadequate information regarding the circumstances of death to determine manner; example: individual found unconscious with massive subdural hemorrhage; in the absence of information on the events leading up to death, it is impossible to determine if the hemorrhage is due to accidental fall, homicidal violence, etc.
undetermined
- The branch of dentistry which, in interest of Justice deals with proper handling and examination of dental evidence, and with the proper evaluation and precision of dental findings.
Forensic Odontology/ Forensic Dentistry
- The use of the unique characteristics of a person’s teeth or dental work as recorded in dental charts, radiographs, and records to establish the person’s identity.
Dental Identification
Manner of Death categories:
- Natural
- Homicide
- Suicide
- Accident
- Undetermined
- “That Human Dentition is never the same in any two individuals”
Dental Identification
COMMON REASONS FOR IDENTIFYING HUMAN REMAINS:
- Criminal
- Marriage
- Monetary
- Burial
- Social
- Closure
- Conclusive identification by comparing the dead individual’s teeth with presumed dental records of the individual.
Comparative Dental Identification
Four Steps in Comparative Dental Identification
- Oral Autopsy
- Obtaining Dental Records
- Comparing Post and Ante-Mortem Dental Data
- Writing a Report and Drawing Conclusions
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Types of Conclusions in Dental Identification
- Positive Identification
- Possible Identification
- Insufficient Evidence
- Exclusion
- The antemortem and postmortem match in sufficient detail.
- Data from the same individual.
Positive Identification
- The antemortem and postmortem data have consistent features but, because of the quality of data it is not possible to establish identity positively.
Possible Identification
- The available information is insufficient to form the basis for a conclusion.
Insufficient Evidence
- The antemortem and postmortem data are clearly inconsistent.
Exclusion
- The study of teeth and adjacent dental tissues in the oral cavity for the purpose of establishing the victim’s identity.
- Age at death
- Sex
- Race/Ethnicity
Reconstructive Postmortem: Dental Profiling
- Related to various conditions and disease process that results in deterioration of many tissues over time.
Pathologic Age
Teeth and Age: What Changes Take Place?
A. Wearing down
B. Discoloration
C. Gum recession
D. Smaller nerves in teeth
E. Increased risk of tooth loss and gum disease
- Determined by natural or expected changes that occur through growth and development
Physiologic Age
- The time from birth to death.
- Age that investigators are more interested in.
Chronologic Age
SEX DETERMINATION
- Sex differences in dentition are based largely on tooth ___________.
- MALE teeth are _______ than female.
- FEMALE canines are more ______________________________.
- In 1973, SENO and ISHIZU reported the use of the _______________ in the dental pulp to determine sex differences.
- size and shape
- larger
- pointed and a narrower buccolingual width
- Y chromosomes
- Measurement and study of tooth size
- used not just in determining sex but also age and population
Odontometrics
- Existence in two shapes or forms, especially the existence within a species of two distinct forms that differ in one or more characteristics, such as size or shape.
- Permanent canine teeth and their arch width.
- Canine are least extracted and less affected by periodontal disease.
- Dimorphism
Parameters of dimorphism
- Mesiodistal width
- Maxillary canine arch width or Intercanine distance
- Mandibular canine arch width
- Optical Scanner and Radiogrammetric measurements on mandibular permanent teeth sex determination can be done with 80 percent accuracy by measuring root length and crown diameter.
Root Length and Crown Diameter
- A measure of the relative size of teeth that is obtained by finding the distance from the anterior surface of the first premolar tooth to the posterior surface of the last molar, dividing by the distance from the nasion to the basion, and multiplying by 100.
Dental Index
DENTAL INDEX
Aitchison = _______
II = [MDI2/MDI1] X 100
MDI2 = ___________________
MDI1 = __________________
- Incisor index
- Maximum mesiodistal diameter of the maxillary lateral incisor
- Maximum mesiodistal diameter of the central incisor
DENTAL INDEX
______________ = Lateral incisor is distinctly smaller than the central incisor in females
Schrantz and Bartha
DENTAL INDEX
________ = Mesiodistal (m-d) dimension of the mandibular canines
Rao
Six Prominent Geographic Races
- White
- Black
- East Asian
- Melanesian/Australian
- Native American
- Polynesian
Best Traits Found in Mid Face Skeleton including:
- Area of nose, mouth and cheek bones
- Shape of cranium, lateral projection of zygomatic arches
- Shape, contour of orbits and nasal aperture
- Shape of dental arches
- Facial profiles
