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forensic dent > 1.1 Forensic Odontology: An Introduction > Flashcards

1.1 Forensic Odontology: An Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

 Latin word where the law courts of ancient Rome were held.

A

forensis –“of the forum”

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2
Q

 Relating to the application of scientific methods and techniques to the investigation of crime.

A

 Forensic

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3
Q

 Encompasses the application of specialized scientific and/or technical knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law, especially court proceedings.

A

 Forensic Science

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4
Q

 A special science or discipline that deals with relationships and applications of medical facts and knowledge to legal problems.

A

 Forensic Medicine / Legal Medicine / Medical Jurisprudence

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5
Q

The American Academy of Forensic Sciences Recognizes 10 Areas of Forensic Endeavor

A
  1. Criminalistics
  2. Engineering Science
  3. General Jurisprudence
  4. Odontology
  5. Pathology / Biology
  6. Psychiatry
  7. Behavioral Science
  8. Questioned Documents
  9. Toxicology
  10. Physical Anthropology
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6
Q

the establishment of a person’s individuality.

A
  • Identification
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7
Q
  • “The characteristics by which a person may be recognized.”
A

THE SCIENCE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION

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8
Q
  • Visual recognition
  • Personal property
  • Physical features
A

THE SCIENCE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION

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9
Q
  • The most commonly used method of identification and is used to establish both positive and presumptive identification in which a family member or friend tells the police or emergency medical personnel.
A

VISUAL IDENTIFICATION

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10
Q
  • Use of identification card, photograph, driver’s license, clothing, jewelry etc.
A

VISUAL IDENTIFICATION

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11
Q
  • Personal identification such as body tattoos and piercing, scar, keloids, antemortem radiographs and autopsy.
A

VISUAL IDENTIFICATION

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12
Q

The least reliable methods:

A

Visual recognition by relatives and friends.

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13
Q

IDENTIFICATION PARAMETERS (4)

A

 Dental Comparisons
 Fingerprints, palm prints and footprints
 DNA Identification
 Radiographic Superimpositions

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14
Q

The gold standard of biological human identification.

A

GENETIC DNA IDENTIFICATION

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15
Q

hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms.

A
  • DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
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16
Q
  • Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. (True or false)
A

True

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17
Q
  • Most of the DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called ____________), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called _________________).
A

nuclear DNA
mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA

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18
Q
  • An important property of DNA is that it can replicate or make copies of itself. (True or false)
A

True

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19
Q

a forensic technique in criminal investigations, comparing criminal suspects’ profiles to DNA evidence to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime.

A
  • DNA Profiling
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20
Q

It is also used in:
o Parentage testing
o To establish eligibility
o Genealogical and medical research

A

DNA PROFILING

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21
Q

6 USES OF DNA PROFILING

A

1) Identifying Criminals
2) Exoneration and Freedom
3) Identifying Remains in Tragedies
4) Establishing Paternity
5) Establishing Family
6) Determining Ancestry

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22
Q

 Bodily fluids, shedding skin or hair follicles.

A

1) Identifying Criminals

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23
Q

 Revolutionary method, both for its ability to identify perpetrators of serious crimes and for its ability to exonerate people who are innocent.

A

2) Exoneration and Freedom

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24
Q

 DNA profiling is often the best way or only way to clearly identify remains.

A

3) Identifying Remains in Tragedies

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25
Q

 An essential tool in the legal process by which custody, parental rights, and parental financial obligations are determined.

A

4) Establishing Paternity

26
Q

 Establishing the biological relationship between siblings, parents and children, or other extended family can be essential for the legal process of immigration on the basis of family relationships.

A

5) Establishing Family

27
Q

 An essential tool in the legal realm, for criminal investigations, for custody and paternity cases, and for immigration cases.

A

6) Determining Ancestry

28
Q

Extraction of DNA can also be used for _______ determination

A

sex

29
Q

Types of DNA that are of interest to Forensic Scientists

A
  1. Nuclear DNA
  2. Mitochondrial DNA
  3. Y Chromosome DNA
30
Q
  • The DNA sequence or order of the base pairs are the same for every cell in a person’s body that has a nucleus, with the exception of reproductive cells.
A
  1. Nuclear DNA
31
Q
  • Inherited from both parents.
A
  1. Nuclear DNA
32
Q
  • A small genome found multiple times in the cytoplasm of the cell surrounding the nucleus.
  • Passed from mother to each of her children.
A
  1. Mitochondrial DNA/ mtDNA
33
Q
  • A man’s mtDNA is inherited from her mother but he ___________ pass it to his children.
A

does not

34
Q

The mtDNA of only a single relative, even distantly related can be compared. (True or false)

A

True

35
Q

Not a unique identifier because maternal relatives share the same mtDNA type. (True or false)

A

True

36
Q
  • Inherited by males from their male parents.
  • All members from the same paternal lineage will therefore have the same Y-STR
A
  1. Y Chromosome DNA
37
Q

The scientific study of fingerprints.

A
  • Dactylography
38
Q

the pattern on the inside of the finger in the area between the tip and the first joint and stays the same from the day of a person’s birth to the day they die.

A

fingerprint

39
Q
  • A reproduction of the friction ridge arrangement present on the (nails/tips) of the fingers when an impression deposited on a touched surface.
A

tips

40
Q
  • The arrangement of the friction ridge skin is (temporary/permanent) due to the underlying structure of the skin and unique because of complex physiological events both genetic and environmental that occur during fetal development.
A

permanent

41
Q

from the Latin word forensis / forum which means “court of law”.

A

forensic

42
Q

study of teeth

A

Ø Odontology

43
Q
  • A specialized area of dentistry which includes the gathering and interpretation of dental and related evidence within the overall field of criminalistics.
A

FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY / FORENSIC DENTISTRY

44
Q

“that branch of dentistry which, in the interest of justice, deals with the proper handling and examination of dental evidence and with proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings.” defined by who?

A

FDI (Federation Dentaire Internationale)

45
Q
  • Primarily deals with identification, based on recognition of unique features present in an individual’s dental structure
A

FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY / FORENSIC DENTISTRY

46
Q
  • Plays a major role in identification in man-made natural disasters or when multiple fatalities may not be identifiable.
A

FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY / FORENSIC DENTISTRY

47
Q
  • Relies on sound knowledge of the teeth and jaws, incorporates dental anatomy, histology, radiography, pathology, dental materials and developmental anomalies.
A

FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY / FORENSIC DENTISTRY

48
Q

 Ranges from the identification of persons using dental records to the identification and analysis of bitemarks, to the estimation of a person’s age based upon dental development or other characteristics.

A

Forensic Dental Evidence

49
Q

 Can withstand decomposition, heat degradation, water immersion and dessication.

A

 Enamel

50
Q

 Source of DNA

A

o Pulp & Crushed Tooth
 Nuclear or mitochondrial DNA.

51
Q

 Established relative age of a person
o Every human body age in a similar manner

A

 Teeth’s age of eruption.

52
Q

 No two person has the same dentition (T/F)

A

T

53
Q

 Each dentition is unique (T/F)

A

T

54
Q
  • Identify unknown human remains through dental records and assisting at the location of a mass disaster.
A

Forensic Dentist / Forensic Odontologist

55
Q
  • Presenting evidence in court as an expert witness.
A

Forensic Dentist / Forensic Odontologist

56
Q
  • Eliciting the ethnicity and assisting in building up a picture of lifestyle and diet of skeletal remains at archeological sites.
  • Determining the gender of unidentified individuals.
  • Age estimation of both the living and the deceased.
  • Recognition and analysis of bite marks found on a victims of attack and in other substances such as foodstuff.
A

Forensic Dentist / Forensic Odontologist

57
Q

refers to a forensic investigation of the cause of death, and it is done after the occurrence of the death.

A

Post-mortem

58
Q

injuries occur after death.

A

Post-mortem

59
Q

injuries occur before death.

A

Ante-mortem

60
Q

refers to events occurring prior to death.

A

Ante-mortem

61
Q

SCOPE OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (3)

A

Ø Dental identification
Ø Bite marks analysis
Ø Reconstructive postmortem: dental profiling

forensic dent (6 decks)

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