1.2 - Cold Containment Flashcards
1
Q
What was Containment?
A
- Geopolitical strategy aimed at curbing and contains the spread of communism
2
Q
What strategies formed Containment?
A
- Military intervention in civil wars with communist aligned forces
- Rebuilding Europe with Marshall plan
- Funding capitalist regimes
- even those violating human rights
- Helping countries modernise their economies so that they reject communism
3
Q
What countries demonstrate the success of containment?
A
- Japan + Philippines
4
Q
What was the Marshall Plan?
A
- Plan to fund the rebuilding of European countries, especially those close to USSR
- $13bn spent in total
5
Q
How did the US exploit modernisation during containment?
A
- By investing in developing and periphery countries to help drive industry change
- leading to repayment of loans monetarily and by allying with US
6
Q
When was South Korea declared a democracy?
A
- 1988
- prior to this, was controlled by a series of military and authoritarian governments after Korean War
7
Q
Who ruled South Korea after WWII?
A
- Syngman Rhee as part of First Republic of Korea
- Pro US
- Extremely anti-communist
- Violently clamped down on protestors during Jeju Island uprising and Bodo League massacre
- 100,000 dead
8
Q
How many US troops are based along DMZ?
A
- 28,500
9
Q
When did South Korea join the OECD?
A
- 1996
- Made South Korea a developed country officially
10
Q
What happened during the Korean War?
A
- North Korea invaded South Korea
- North Korea was backed by China and USSR
- 16 countries under UN intervened and pushed back N Korea
- Resulted in stalemate along DMZ
11
Q
What was the 5 year economic plans?
A
- Series of plans lasting 5 year periods each
- aimed at developing South Korea’s economy
12
Q
What were the aims of each 5 year economic plan?
A
- 1962 - 66: focus on building infrastructure to ensure economy had a solid foundation
- 1967 - 71: shift economy to heavy industry and become more competitive on world market
- 1972 - 76: expand into chemical, electronics and shipbuilding to reduce dependence on other nations and build up military
- 1977 - 81: increase GNP per capita by ensuring previous plan continued
- 1982 - 86: shifting emphasis from heavy industries to technological intensive industries
- 1987 - 91: accelerate import liberalisation, remove restrictions such as tarrifs on imports, increase investment in research and development
- 1992 - 96: develop high tech fields such as bioengineering, optics, aerospace, balance concentration of industry across Korea by investing across nation
13
Q
Why are Chaebols a problem?
A
- have monopolies on market
- if mismanaged, collapse can have massive impact both economically and socially (unemployment)
- had to be bailed out by government who had to borrow from IMF
- subjecting country to SAPs which could be detrimental
