[1.2] Classification of materials Flashcards
Why is material classification needed?
Material classification is needed so that the most appropiate material is selected for specific applications
What are the three classifications of metals?
- Ferrous
- Non-Ferrous
- Alloy
What is a ferrous metal?
A ferrous metal contains mostly iron and carbon; they are magnetic and will rust
What is a non-ferrous metal?
A non-ferrous metal does not contain iron; they are not magnetic and do not rust
What is an alloy?
An alloy is a metal made from two or more metals or combining two or more elements, one of which must be a metal.
What are some examples of ferrous metals?
- Low carbon steel
- Steel
- Medium carbon steel
- Cast iron
What are some examples of non-ferrous metals?
- Aluminium
- Zinc
- Copper
- Silver
- Gold
- Titanium
- Tin
What are some examples of ferrous alloys?
- Stainless steel
- Die Steel
What are some examples of non-ferrous alloys?
- Bronze
- Brass
- Duralumin
- Pewter
What are the three classifications of woods?
- Hardwood
- Softwood
- Manufactured Board
What is a hardwood?
A hardwood is a wood from broad-leafed trees; slow growing and lose leaves in Autumn
What is a softwood?
A softwood is wood from coniferous tress; fast growing and tend to be evergreen
What is a manufactured board?
A manufactured board is a man-made wood-based composite material; available in larger sizes than solid wood.
What are some examples of hardwoods?
- Oak
- Ash
- Mahogany
- Teak
- Birch
- Beech
What are some examples of softwoods?
- Pine
- Spruce
- Douglas fir
- Redwood
- Cedar
- Larch
What are some examples of manufactured boards?
- Plywood
- Marine plywood
- Aeroply
- Flexible plywood
- Chipboard
- MDF
What are the three classifications of polymers?
- Thermoplastic
- Thermosetting polymer
- Elastomer
What is a thermoplastic?
A thermoplastic can be repeatedly reheated and reshaped allowing it to be recycled after its first use.
What is a thermosetting polymer?
A thermosetting polymer is a material which, when heated, undergoes a chemical change whereby the molecules for rigid cross links. They cannot be reheated and reshape.
What is an elastomer?
A material which at room temperature can be deformed under pressure and then will return to its original shape upon release of the pressure.
What are some examples of thermoplastics?
- LDPE
- HDPE
- PP
- HIPS
- PET
- Nylon
- Rigid and flexible PVC
What are some examples of thermosetting polymers?
- Urea Formaldehyde (UF)
- Melamine formaldehyde (MF)
- Polyester resin
- Epoxy resin
What are some examples of elastomers?
- Natural Rubber
- Polybutadiene
- Neoprene
- Silicone
What are papers and boards?
Papers and boards can be described as compliant materials meaning they can be scored, folded and cut with basic tooling to form items such as nets for packaging
What are some examples of papers and boards?
- Layout paper
- Cartridge paper
- Tracing paper
- Bleed proof paper
- Treated paper
- Watercolour paper
- Corrugated card
- Bleached card
- Duplex card
- Moulded paper pulp
What are composites?
A composite is a material comprised of two or more different materials to enhance the properties of either.
What are some examples of composites?
- Carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP)
- Glass fibre reniforced plastic (GFRP)
- Tungsten carbide
- Aluminium Composite board
- Concrete
What are smart materials?
A smart material is a material whose physical properties change in response to an input or change in the environment, such as electricity, pressure, temperature or light
What are some examples of smart materials?
- Shape memory alloys (SMA)
- Thermochromatic pigment
- Thermochromic pigment
- Photophosphorescent pigment
What are modern materials?
A modern material is a modern material developed through the invention of new or improved processes.
What are some examples of modern materials?
- Kevlar
- Precious metal clay (PMC)
- Polymorph
