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Product Design > [1.2] Classification of materials > Flashcards

[1.2] Classification of materials Flashcards

1
Q

Why is material classification needed?

A

Material classification is needed so that the most appropiate material is selected for specific applications

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2
Q

What are the three classifications of metals?

A
  • Ferrous
  • Non-Ferrous
  • Alloy
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3
Q

What is a ferrous metal?

A

A ferrous metal contains mostly iron and carbon; they are magnetic and will rust

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4
Q

What is a non-ferrous metal?

A

A non-ferrous metal does not contain iron; they are not magnetic and do not rust

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5
Q

What is an alloy?

A

An alloy is a metal made from two or more metals or combining two or more elements, one of which must be a metal.

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6
Q

What are some examples of ferrous metals?

A
  • Low carbon steel
  • Steel
  • Medium carbon steel
  • Cast iron
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7
Q

What are some examples of non-ferrous metals?

A
  • Aluminium
  • Zinc
  • Copper
  • Silver
  • Gold
  • Titanium
  • Tin
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8
Q

What are some examples of ferrous alloys?

A
  • Stainless steel

- Die Steel

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9
Q

What are some examples of non-ferrous alloys?

A
  • Bronze
  • Brass
  • Duralumin
  • Pewter
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10
Q

What are the three classifications of woods?

A
  • Hardwood
  • Softwood
  • Manufactured Board
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11
Q

What is a hardwood?

A

A hardwood is a wood from broad-leafed trees; slow growing and lose leaves in Autumn

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12
Q

What is a softwood?

A

A softwood is wood from coniferous tress; fast growing and tend to be evergreen

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13
Q

What is a manufactured board?

A

A manufactured board is a man-made wood-based composite material; available in larger sizes than solid wood.

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14
Q

What are some examples of hardwoods?

A
  • Oak
  • Ash
  • Mahogany
  • Teak
  • Birch
  • Beech
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15
Q

What are some examples of softwoods?

A
  • Pine
  • Spruce
  • Douglas fir
  • Redwood
  • Cedar
  • Larch
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16
Q

What are some examples of manufactured boards?

A
  • Plywood
  • Marine plywood
  • Aeroply
  • Flexible plywood
  • Chipboard
  • MDF
17
Q

What are the three classifications of polymers?

A
  • Thermoplastic
  • Thermosetting polymer
  • Elastomer
18
Q

What is a thermoplastic?

A

A thermoplastic can be repeatedly reheated and reshaped allowing it to be recycled after its first use.

19
Q

What is a thermosetting polymer?

A

A thermosetting polymer is a material which, when heated, undergoes a chemical change whereby the molecules for rigid cross links. They cannot be reheated and reshape.

20
Q

What is an elastomer?

A

A material which at room temperature can be deformed under pressure and then will return to its original shape upon release of the pressure.

21
Q

What are some examples of thermoplastics?

A
  • LDPE
  • HDPE
  • PP
  • HIPS
  • PET
  • Nylon
  • Rigid and flexible PVC
22
Q

What are some examples of thermosetting polymers?

A
  • Urea Formaldehyde (UF)
  • Melamine formaldehyde (MF)
  • Polyester resin
  • Epoxy resin
23
Q

What are some examples of elastomers?

A
  • Natural Rubber
  • Polybutadiene
  • Neoprene
  • Silicone
24
Q

What are papers and boards?

A

Papers and boards can be described as compliant materials meaning they can be scored, folded and cut with basic tooling to form items such as nets for packaging

25
Q

What are some examples of papers and boards?

A
  • Layout paper
  • Cartridge paper
  • Tracing paper
  • Bleed proof paper
  • Treated paper
  • Watercolour paper
  • Corrugated card
  • Bleached card
  • Duplex card
  • Moulded paper pulp
26
Q

What are composites?

A

A composite is a material comprised of two or more different materials to enhance the properties of either.

27
Q

What are some examples of composites?

A
  • Carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP)
  • Glass fibre reniforced plastic (GFRP)
  • Tungsten carbide
  • Aluminium Composite board
  • Concrete
28
Q

What are smart materials?

A

A smart material is a material whose physical properties change in response to an input or change in the environment, such as electricity, pressure, temperature or light

29
Q

What are some examples of smart materials?

A
  • Shape memory alloys (SMA)
  • Thermochromatic pigment
  • Thermochromic pigment
  • Photophosphorescent pigment
30
Q

What are modern materials?

A

A modern material is a modern material developed through the invention of new or improved processes.

31
Q

What are some examples of modern materials?

A
  • Kevlar
  • Precious metal clay (PMC)
  • Polymorph

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