1.2 Cell Structure and Organisation

Question 1

What is the structure of an animal cell’s nucleus?

Answer 1

Double membrane (envelope) ores allow substances (like RNA) to pass in and out Nucleoplasm Nucleolus - where ribosomes are created

Question 2

What is the function of an animal cell’s nucleus?

Answer 2

Contains DNA Protein synthesis

Question 3

What is the structure of mitochondria in animal cells?

Answer 3

Double membrane Inner membrance - lots of folds called CRISTAE - increases the surface area for chemical reactions Matrix - fluid containing enzymes for respiration Ribosomes - make proteins

Question 4

What is the function of mitochondria in animal cells?

Answer 4

Produces ATP for energy Where chemical reactions take place inside the cell

Question 5

What is the structure of an animal cell’s endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 5

Network of tubules and flattened sacks Space inside is called the LUMEN

Question 6

What is the structure of the RER in animal cells?

Answer 6

Ribosomes attached to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane Flattened sacks (cisternae) Double membrane

Question 7

What is the function of the RER in animal cells?

Answer 7

Transport of proteins

Question 8

What is the function of the SER in animal cells?

Answer 8

Lipid and steroid synthesis

Question 9

What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 9

Series of flattened sacs called CISTERNAE

Question 10

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 10

Modifies proteins and lipids to prepare them for export outside of the cell

Question 11

What is the structure of ribosomes?

Answer 11

Van be free in the cytoplasm OR bound to a membrane (like the RER) Made of a large and a small subunit

Question 12

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 12

Protein synthesis (eg enzyme production)

Question 13

What is the structure of lysosomes?

Answer 13

They are secretary vesicles made by the golgi

Question 14

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 14

Phagocytosis - lysosomes destroy old/worn out organelles

Question 15

What is the structure and function of the centrioles?

Answer 15

Made of microtubules Spindle formation in cell division (mitosis and meiosis)

Question 16

Draw a mitochondria

Answer 16

Question 17

Draw an animal cell

Answer 17

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Question 18

What is the structure of a chloroplast?

Answer 18

Double membrane Pigments found in thylakoids (chlorophyll = green)

Question 19

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 19

Absourb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 20

What is the function of a plasmodesma?

Answer 20

Connections between plant cells Allow substances to be transported from one cell to another (eg H2O)

Question 21

What is the structure of a vacuole?

Answer 21

Surrounded by a tonoplast (membrane) Small and temporary in animal cells (formed during phagocytosis)

Question 22

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 22

Storage sites in plant cells

Question 23

What is the function of cell walls in a plant?

Answer 23

Provide tensile strength and limited plasticity - keeps the cell from rupturing from turgor pressure - tugor pressure provides the stem with support - thick walls give mechanical support

Question 24

Draw a chloroplast.

Answer 24

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Question 25

Draw a plant cell.

Answer 25

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