1.2 Cell Structure and Organisation Flashcards
What is the structure of an animal cell’s nucleus?
Double membrane (envelope) ores allow substances (like RNA) to pass in and out Nucleoplasm Nucleolus - where ribosomes are created
What is the function of an animal cell’s nucleus?
Contains DNA Protein synthesis
What is the structure of mitochondria in animal cells?
Double membrane Inner membrance - lots of folds called CRISTAE - increases the surface area for chemical reactions Matrix - fluid containing enzymes for respiration Ribosomes - make proteins
What is the function of mitochondria in animal cells?
Produces ATP for energy Where chemical reactions take place inside the cell
What is the structure of an animal cell’s endoplasmic reticulum?
Network of tubules and flattened sacks Space inside is called the LUMEN
What is the structure of the RER in animal cells?
Ribosomes attached to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane Flattened sacks (cisternae) Double membrane
What is the function of the RER in animal cells?
Transport of proteins
What is the function of the SER in animal cells?
Lipid and steroid synthesis
What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?
Series of flattened sacs called CISTERNAE
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Modifies proteins and lipids to prepare them for export outside of the cell
What is the structure of ribosomes?
Van be free in the cytoplasm OR bound to a membrane (like the RER) Made of a large and a small subunit
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis (eg enzyme production)
What is the structure of lysosomes?
They are secretary vesicles made by the golgi
What is the function of lysosomes?
Phagocytosis - lysosomes destroy old/worn out organelles
What is the structure and function of the centrioles?
Made of microtubules Spindle formation in cell division (mitosis and meiosis)
Draw a mitochondria
Draw an animal cell
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What is the structure of a chloroplast?
Double membrane Pigments found in thylakoids (chlorophyll = green)
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Absourb light energy for photosynthesis
What is the function of a plasmodesma?
Connections between plant cells Allow substances to be transported from one cell to another (eg H2O)
What is the structure of a vacuole?
Surrounded by a tonoplast (membrane) Small and temporary in animal cells (formed during phagocytosis)
What is the function of a vacuole?
Storage sites in plant cells
What is the function of cell walls in a plant?
Provide tensile strength and limited plasticity - keeps the cell from rupturing from turgor pressure - tugor pressure provides the stem with support - thick walls give mechanical support
Draw a chloroplast.
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Draw a plant cell.
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