1.2 Carbohydrates- monosaccharides

Question 1

what are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

carbon molecules combined with water

Question 2

What is an unusual feature of carbon atoms?

Answer 2

they readily form bonds with other carbon atoms, creating a ‘carbon backbone’ to which other atoms can attach

Question 3

what caused the variety of life on earth?

Answer 3

organisms being based on the versatile carbon atom

Question 4

what are organic molecules?

Answer 4

molecules containing carbon

Question 5

why is life based on a small number of chemical elements?

Answer 5

as few atoms can bond to carbon

Question 6

what are monomers?

Answer 6

individual molecules that make up polymers

Question 7

what are examples of monomers?

Answer 7

monosaccharides
amino acids
nucleotides

Question 8

what are polymers?

Answer 8

monomers in a chain

Question 9

what are examples of polymers?

Answer 9

carbohydrates

proteins

Question 10

what are polymers mainly made up of?

Answer 10

carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
oxygen

Question 11

what is the basic monomer unit in a carbohydrate?

Answer 11

sugar/saccharide

Question 12

what is a monosaccharide?

Answer 12

single monomer

Question 13

what is a disaccharide?

Answer 13

pair of monosaccharides combined

Question 14

what is a polysaccharide?

Answer 14

many monosaccharides combined

Question 15

what are some characteristicts of monosaccharides?

Answer 15

sweet tasting

soluble

Question 16

what is the general formula of monosaccharides?

Answer 16

(CH¬2O)n

n=3-7

Question 17

what are examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 17

glucose
galactose
fructose

Question 18

what type of sugar is glucose?

Answer 18

hexose (6 carbon) sugar

Question 19

what is the formula of glucose?

Answer 19

C6H12O6

Question 20

what are the isomers of glucose?

Answer 20

alpha glucose

beta glucose

Question 21

what is an isomer?

Answer 21

same molecular formula, different structural formulae

Question 22

what sugars are reducing sugars?

Answer 22

all monosaccharides

some disaccharides e.g. maltose

Question 23

what is the process of reduction?

Answer 23

a chemical reaction involving the gain of electrons or hydrogen

Question 24

what is a reducing sugar?

Answer 24

a sugar that can donate electrons to/reduce another chemical
chemical=e.g. benedicts reagent

Question 25

what is a test for reducing sugars?

Answer 25

benadicts test

Question 26

what is benedicts reagent?

Answer 26

an alkaline solution of copper (II) sulfate

Question 27

what if formed when benedicts reagent is heated with a reducing sugar?

Answer 27

an insoluble red precipitate for copper (I) oxide i formed

Question 28

what is the method for benedicts test?

Answer 28

• add 2cm^3 of the food sample to be tested to a test tube, grind up in water if not in liquid form
• add equal volume of Benedicts reagent
• heat the mixture in a gently boiling water bath for 5 minutes, solution turns an orange-brown if reducing sugar present