1.1 introduction to biological molecules

Question 1

What are biological molecules?

Answer 1

particular groups of chemicals that are found in living organisms

Question 2

What is the study of biological molecules called?

Answer 2

molecular biology

Question 3

What are molecules made up of?

Answer 3

units called atoms

Question 4

What are different types of bonding?

Answer 4

covalent bonding
ionic bonding
hydrogen bonding

Question 5

What is colvalent bonding?

Answer 5

atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shells

as a result the outer shell of both atoms is filled to create a more stable compound called a molecule

Question 6

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 6

ions with opposite charges attract each other
the electrostatic attraction is known as an ionic bond
it is weaker than a covalent bond

Question 7

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 7

electrons in molecules are not evenly distributed, some regions are more negatively charged (polar molecule)
opposite regions of 2 polarised molecules attract each other, creating a weak electrostatic bond

Question 8

What is a polar molecule?

Answer 8

a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge

Question 9

What is a polymer?

Answer 9

long chain of monomer sub units

Question 10

What is the process called of forming polymers?

Answer 10

polymerisation

Question 11

what are some examples of industrially produced polymers?

Answer 11

polythene

polyester

Question 12

what are monomers of a polymer usually?

Answer 12

carbon based

Question 13

what are some examples of polymers made naturally by living organisms?

Answer 13

polysaccharides, polypeptides, polynucleotides

Question 14

what is the basic sub unit of a polysaccharide?

Answer 14

monosaccharide/single sugar

e.g. glucose

Question 15

what are polynucleotides formed from?

Answer 15

mononucleotide sub units

Question 16

what are polypeptides formed from?

Answer 16

formed by linking together peptides that have amio acids as their basic sub units

Question 17

what is a condensation reaction?

Answer 17

in the formation of polymers by polymerisation in organisms, each time a new sub unit is attached a molecule of water is formed

Question 18

what are examples of condensation reactions?

Answer 18

polypeptide from amino acids

starch (polysaccharide) from glucose (monosaccharide)

Question 19

what is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 19

water molecules are used when breaking bonds that link polymer sub units and split molecule

Question 20

what does hydrolysis the word mean

Answer 20

hydro= water
lysis= splitting

Question 21

what is metabolism?

Answer 21

all the chemical processes that take place in living organisms are collectively called metabolism

Question 22

what is THE mole?

Answer 22

the SI unit for measuring the amount of a substance

Question 23

what can mole be abbreviated to?

Answer 23

mol

Question 24

what is ONE mole

Answer 24

one mole contains the same number of particles as there are in 12g of carbon-12 atoms
12g carbon-12 atoms contain 6.022x10^23 carbon atoms (Avogadro constant)

Question 25

What is Avogadro constant

Answer 25

the amount of carbon atoms in 12g of carbon-12

6.022x10^23

Question 26

what is a molar solution?

Answer 26

a solution that contains one mole of solute in each litre of solution

Question 27

what is one mole regarding molar solutions?

Answer 27

molecular mass expressed in grams