1.2 Carbohydrates- monosaccharides

Question 1

Why are many biological molecules based on carbon?

Answer 1

carbon atoms readily form bonds with other carbon atoms. this allows a sequence of carbon atoms of various lengths to build up and form a ‘backbone’ in which other atoms can attach

Question 2

What is a monomer?

Answer 2

the individual molecules that make up a chain of molecules

Question 3

Give an example of a Monomer

Answer 3

monosaccharides
amino acids
nucleotides

Question 4

When monomers join together what are they called?

Answer 4

polymers

Question 5

Give examples of polymers

Answer 5

carbohydrates and proteins

Question 6

what is a single monomer called?

Answer 6

a monosaccaride

Question 7

what is a pair of monosaccharides called?

Answer 7

a disaccharide

Question 8

What is a larger group of monosaccharides called?

Answer 8

polysaccharides

Question 9

What is the general formula for monosaccharides?

Answer 9

(CH2O)n^r

n can be any number from 3 - 7

Question 10

What is a reducing sugar?

Answer 10

they act as a reducing agent in chemical reactions

Question 11

Describe how the Benedict’s test is carried out?

Answer 11

1. add 2cm^3 of the food sample into water
2. add an equal volume of Benedict’s reagent
3. heat the mixture in a gently boiling water bath for 5 minutes
4. If the reducing sugar is present solution will turn orange-brown