12 - Amazon Case Study: Human factors influencing the Amazon

Question 1

What different human activities have led to deforestation in Amazonia?

Answer 1

• Slow burning fires have destroyed nearly 3% of the rainforest from 1999-2010
• 21% of the region is leased for mining
• 107 blocks are producing oil and gas
• 4/5ths of deforested land has been converted into pasture for cattle farming

Question 2

Impact of deforestation on evapotranspiration?

Answer 2

• Reduces evapotranspiration, as less water is recycled due to fewer numbers of trees

Question 3

Impact of deforestation on recycling of rainfall

Answer 3

• Less rainfall is recycled because there are lower evapotranspiration rates and more water is lost through infiltration

Question 4

Impact of deforestation on Interception

Answer 4

• Less interception as there is less vegetation in the canopy of the rainforest

Question 5

Impact of deforestation on cloud formation

Answer 5

• Less cloud formation as there is less evapotranspiration and so less moisture in the atmosphere, there is also less vegetation in the canopy acting as surfaces for condensation of moisture

Question 6

Impact of deforestation on soil moisture storage

Answer 6

• Deforestation can have a significant impact on soil moisture storage. Trees play a vital role in facilitating the movement of water into the soil, and when they are removed, the soil is exposed to more direct sunlight and wind.
• As a result, the surface of the soil can dry out and form a hard crust, which makes it more difficult for water to penetrate the soil. This, in turn, can lead to reduced infiltration and lower soil moisture storage, which can have negative impacts on the environment.
• The use of heavy machinery during deforestation can also contribute to decreased infiltration and soil moisture storage. Heavy machinery used for logging or land clearing can compact the soil, making it harder for water to penetrate and reducing the soil’s ability to hold moisture. This can lead to increased runoff, erosion, and reduced soil fertility.
• Additionally, the removal of tree roots during deforestation can also destabilize the soil, further reducing its ability to retain water.