12/5/23 bio lecture

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

science of naming/describing/classifying living & extinct organisms (and viruses)
* Hierarchical (domain through species

Question 1

Phylogeny

Answer 1

evolutionary relationships/history of a group or species

Question 2

Systematics

Answer 2

(involves taxonomy + phylogeny)
study of biological diversity & evolutionary relationships

Question 3

Taxonomic groups are based on

Answer 3

hypotheses regarding evolutionary relationships derived from systematics 
phylogenetic trees show the relationships;

Question 4

taxon

Answer 4

a taxonomic group (domain, phylum, genus, or supergroup)

Question 5

Domain

Answer 5

All of life belongs to one of 3 domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 6

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 6

standard format for naming organisms (scientific names)

Question 7

Genus name always

Answer 7

Capitalized

Question 8

Both genome and species are always

Answer 8

italicized

Question 9

Understanding monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic groupings

Answer 9

remember: organisms are grouped based on morphological, physiological, and molecular data and characteristics; trees are hypotheses that showthese relationships.

Question 10

paraphyly

Answer 10

common ancestor, but not all descendants.

Question 11

polyphyly

Answer 11

includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does’nt include most recent common ancestor.

Question 12

Monophyletic group

Answer 12

Taxon that is a clade
Includes an ancestral organism and all of its descendants;

Question 13

Systematics is based on

Answer 13

morphological and/or genetic homology

Question 14

Cladistics

Answer 14

study and classification of species based on evolutionary relationships

Question 15

cladograms

Answer 15

phylogenetic trees by considering the possible pathways of evolutionary change

Question 16

symplesiomorphy

Answer 16

Shared primitive character

Question 17

synapomorphy

Answer 17

Shared derived character

Question 18

Branch point

Answer 18

where two species differ in a character

Question 19

ingroup

Answer 19

group we are interested in

Question 20

outgroup

Answer 20

species or group of species that is assumed to have diverged before the species in the ingroup

Question 21

An outgroup will lack

Answer 21

ne or more shared derived characters that are found in the ingroup

Question 22

Molecular systematics

Answer 22

Analysis of genetic data, such as DNA and amino acid sequences, to identify and study genetic homologies and propose phylogenetic trees

Question 23

When building cladograms,

Answer 23

choose the option that provides the simplest explanation of the data.

Question 24

Cladogram can also be constructed

Answer 24

with gene sequences

Question 25

trees are usually based on morphological or genetic data, describe the

Answer 25

phylogeny(evolutionary history)

Question 26

new species formed by ; anagenesis-

Answer 26

single species that gradually evolves into new species

Question 27

new species formed by ; cladogenesis -

Answer 27

single species diverges into 2 or more new species

Question 28

Species never

Answer 28

capitalized

Exe. Homo sapien