1.2

Question 1

model

Answer 1

simplifies representation of structures, relationships and processes

Question 2

strengths of models

Answer 2

-we can understand most important components
-make predictions about the future
-recognise patterns in world
-understand things that are too small or too large to see

Question 3

limitations of models

Answer 3

-they can leave out certain info which can lead to wrong conclusions

Question 4

structure of systems

Answer 4

they have parts and connections between them, function or purpose and exhibit emergent properties

Question 5

taking systems approach

Answer 5

exploring connections and interdependencies

Question 6

system boundaries

Answer 6

like that separates the system you want to study from external environment that is not part of the system

Question 7

open system

Answer 7

exchanges both matter and energy. most of natural systems

Question 8

closed system

Answer 8

only exchanged energy

Question 9

isolated system

Answer 9

hypothetical. no energy or matter exchanged

Question 10

storages/ stocks/ stores

Answer 10

accumulation of matter, energy and info in the system

Question 11

głowę

Answer 11

movement of matter, energy or info between storages

Question 12

inflow

Answer 12

causes the storage to increase

Question 13

outflow

Answer 13

causes storage to decrease

Question 14

transfers

Answer 14

change in location of energy or matter without changing its state or form

Question 15

transformations

Answer 15

change in nature, state or energy of energy or matter

Question 16

steady-state equilibrium

Answer 16

continuous inputs and outputs of energy or matter that may result in sort term changes or imbalances, however the system remains in relatively constant state over time

Question 17

stable equilibrium

Answer 17

the tendency in a system for it to return to a previous equilibrium co diction following storage

Question 18

succession

Answer 18

changes in the long term development of a species in response to changes in its external environment

Question 19

negative feedback

Answer 19

balancing feedback loop. output of a storage or system returns as an input in a way that inhibits or reversed the operation of the same process

Question 20

albedo

Answer 20

proportion of light that is reflected by a material or surface

Question 21

positive feedback loop

Answer 21

when the output returns as a way that amplifies change, destabilises the system and drives it away from its equilibrium leading either an increase or a decrease in a system component

Question 22

tipping point

Answer 22

minimal amount of change that will cause destabilisation of a system

Question 23

resilience

Answer 23

systems ability to recover after a disturbance. resilient systems can avoid tipping points and stay stable due to a balance of positive and negative feedback loops

Question 24

diversity

Answer 24

-increases species interactions, forming a deep web of connections for quicker feedback response
-results in redundancy allowing one species to substitute another
-genetic diversity- some members of the species have a better chance to survive and reproduce after a major disturbance