12

Question 1

– become leaders because they enjoy being in charge and leading others

Answer 1

Affective Identity Motivation

Question 2

– seeking leadership positions when they perceive
that such positions will result to personal
gain

Answer 2

Noncalculative Motivation

Question 3

become
leaders out of a sense of duty

Answer 3

Social-Normative Conditions –

Question 4

– extraversion, openness, agreeableness,
and conscientiousness were positively related
to leader performance and that neuroticism was
negatively related

Answer 4

Traits

Question 5

– most important when the leader is not distracted by stressful situations and when the leader uses a more directive
leadership style

Answer 5

Cognitive Ability

Question 6

– need for power, need for achievement, and need for affiliation

Answer 6

Needs

Question 7

– projective test which a person is shown a series of pictures and asked to tell story about what is
happening in each

Answer 7

Thematic Apperception Test

Question 8

– the person reads
descriptions of jobs that involve varying
degrees of power, achievement, and affiliation needs and rates how desirable he finds each particular job

Answer 8

Job Choice Exercise

Question 9

– the person reads descriptions of jobs that involve varying degrees of power, achievement, and affiliation needs and rates how desirable he finds each particular job

Answer 9

Job Choice Exercise

Question 10

– any individual’s leadership style is effective only in certain
situations

Answer 10

Fiedler’s Contingency Model

Question 11

– to help
people understand their leadership style

Answer 11

Least-Preferred Coworker Scale

Question 12

individual’s leadership style is not easily
changed

Answer 12

Leader Match Training Program

Question 13

– each leader has one of six
behavior styles:

Answer 13

IMPACT Theory

Question 14

IMPACT

Answer 14

informational, magnetic,
position, affiliation, coercive, or tactical

Question 15

– provides info in a climate of ignorance, where important information is missing from the group (Ignorance)

Answer 15

Informational Style

Question 16

– leads through energy and
optimism but characterized by low morale
(Despair)

Answer 16

Magnetic Style

Question 17

– lead by virtue of the power
inherent in that position (Instability)

Answer 17

Position Style

Question 18

– leads by liking and caring
about others (Anxiety)

Answer 18

Affiliation Style

Question 19

leads by controlling and
punishment (Crisis)

Answer 19

Coercive Style

Question 20

– leads through strategy (Disorganization)

Answer 20

Tactical Style

Question 21

a leader can adopt one of
four behavioral leadership styles to handle each
situation:

Answer 21

Path-goal Theory –

Question 22

– calls for planning,
organizing, and controlling the activities of
employees

Answer 22

Instrumental Style

Question 23

– shows concern for
employees

Answer 23

Supportive-Style

Question 24

– shares information
with employees and lets them participate in
decision making

Answer 24

Participative-Style

Question 25

– sets challenging goals and rewards increases in performance

Answer 25

Achievement-oriented Style

Question 26

– a leader typically uses one of four behavioral styles:

Answer 26

Situational Leadership Theory

Question 27

– ability and willingness to perform a particular tasks; most important follower characteristic

Answer 27

Follower Readiness

Question 28

concentrates on the interactions between leader and subordinates

Answer 28

Leader-Member Exchange Theory (Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory) –

Question 29

– provide a flowchart that can tell a leader what process to go through when making a decision

Answer 29

Vroom-Yetton Model

Question 30

most effective when leaders are out of their office, walks around, meets, and talks to employees and clients

Answer 30

Management by Walking Around (MBWA)

Question 31

– expert knowledge (something that others in an organization needs and the leader must know something)

Answer 31

Expert Power

Question 32

– able to get employees to comply with their orders

Answer 32

Legitimate Power

Question 33

– involves having control over both financial and nonfinancial rewards

Answer 33

Reward Power

Question 34

– willing to use her ability to punish

Answer 34

Coercive Power

Question 35

– complimenting others, doing favors, and generally being friendly and supportive

Answer 35

Referent Power

Question 36

– consists of many of the task-oriented behaviors

Answer 36

Transactional Leadership

Question 37

– reward followers for doing activity

Answer 37

Contingent Reward Dimension

Question 38

– actively monitor performance and take corrective action when needed

Answer 38

Management by exception-active

Question 39

do not actively monitor follower behavior and who take corrective actions only when problems are serious

Answer 39

Management by Exception-passive –

Question 40

– focus on changing or transforming the goals, values, ethics, standards, and performance of others

Answer 40

Transformational Leadership

Question 41

Good leaders possess five characteristics:

Answer 41

1. Vision 2. Differentiation 3. Values 4. Transmission of Vision and Values 5. Flaws

Question 42

Characteristics that people need for persuasion:

Answer 42

✓ Expertise ✓ Trustworthiness ✓ Attractiveness

Question 43

Three aspects of the message presented that has a role in persuasion:

Answer 43

A. Message Discrepancy B. One-Sided versus Two-Sided arguments – pros and cons C. Threats

Question 44

– culture avoids uncertainty by using social norms and rituals

Answer 44

Uncertainty Avoidance

Question 45

– power is unequally shared

Answer 45

Power Distance

Question 46

– culture encourages collective distribution of resources

Answer 46

Social Collectivism

Question 47

– individuals express pride in their organizations and families

Answer 47

In-group Collectivism

Question 48

– culture tries to minimize differences in gender roles and prevent discrimination

Answer 48

Gender Egalitarianism

Question 49

– individuals are assertive and challenging in social relationships

Answer 49

Assertiveness

Question 50

culture plans for and invests in the future

Answer 50

Future Orientation –

Question 51

– encourages and rewards improvements in performance

Answer 51

Performance Orientation

Question 52

– encourages and rewards people for being fair, caring, and giving

Answer 52

Humane Orientation

Question 53

– involves vision, inspiration, integrity, and performance orientation

Answer 53

Charismatic

Question 54

– involves following procedure, emphasizing status differences, being self-centered, and saving face

Answer 54

Self-protective

Question 55

– involves being modest and helping others

Answer 55

Humane

Question 56

– being collaborative, building teams, and being diplomatic

Answer 56

Team-oriented

Question 57

– getting opinions and help of others

Answer 57

Participative

Question 58

– involves being independent and individualistic and making one’s own decisions

Answer 58

Autonomous