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CS1 Exam 1 > 12&13 - Cardiac Pathology II > Flashcards

12&13 - Cardiac Pathology II Flashcards

1
Q

carnevale defines HTN

A

140/90 over three consevutive readings at least one week apart

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2
Q

cause unknown HTN

A

essential HTN 90-95% cases

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3
Q

malignant HTN

A

180/120

medical emergency!

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4
Q

stage II HTN

A

160/100

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5
Q

signs of retinopathy

A

hard exudate

flame hemorrhage

cotton wool spot

retinopathy due to HTN

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6
Q

what can long term chronic HTN do to CNS? malignant HTN?

A

chronic –> cerebral infarction (stroke)

malignant HTN –> intracranial hemorrhage

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7
Q

how will the left ventricular hypertrophy develop with HTN

A

concentrically

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8
Q

failure of valve to open completely =

A

stenosis

–> pressure overload

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9
Q

failure of valve to close completely =

A

insufficiency

–> volume overload

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10
Q

calcification of anatomically normal and congenitally bicruspid aortic valves

A

aortic stenosis

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11
Q

dilation of the ascending aorta, usually related to HTN and aging

A

aortic insufficiency

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12
Q

rheumatic heart disease –>

A

mitral stenosis

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13
Q

mitral valve prolapse aka

A

myxomaous degeneration

this is a mitral insufficiency

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14
Q

most common valvular abnormality

A

calcific aortic stenosis

“wear and tear” in 90s or younger people with bicuspid aortic valves

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15
Q

how is calcific aortic stenosis different than stenosis caused by rheumatic heart disease?

A

rheumatic would include fusion of the commissures

calcific: within sinuses of valsalve

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16
Q

why do we need to treat arotic stenosis?

A

50% of those presenting with angina will die in 5 yr

50% with CHF will die in 2 yr

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17
Q

sclerosis v. stenosis

A

sclerosis is fibrosis process, not calcification

can lead to stenosis

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18
Q

what causes rheumatic heart disease

A

group A strep infection with anitgenic mimicry to mprtn epitopes in heart valves

ALSO SEE

  • arthritis of joints
  • erythema marginatum
  • subcutaenous nodules
  • chorea
  • couple weeks after pharyngitis
19
Q

what is pancarditis

A

inital infection of rheumatic heart disease which effects the whole heart

20
Q

pericarditis is

A

fibrinous

21
Q

myocarditis

A

aschoff bodies

22
Q

which valve is most involed with rheumatic heart disease

A

mitral

then aortic, tricuspid, pulmonic

23
Q

what do catepillar cells indicate

A

pancarditis

24
Q

what does fish mouth indicate

A

rheumatic heart disease

atrial view of mitral valve

25
Q

key histological change in tissue with mitral valve prolapse

A

myxomatous degeneration

26
Q

midsystolic click indicates

A

mitral valve prolapse

27
Q

would you rather have an endocardial infection with staph aureus or strep viridian

A

step viridians because associated with subacute IE and can be treated with antibiotics

staph aureus is associated with acute IE and is destructive, often requiring surgery, high mortality

28
Q

major criteria for infectious endocarditis

A
  • 2 positive blood cultures
  • echocardiogram identification
  • new vavlular regurgitation
29
Q

4 signs of IE

A
  • splinter hemorrhages
  • Janeway lesions
  • Roth spots
  • Osler nodes
30
Q

infection of the heart muscle itself

A

myocarditis

31
Q

most common cause of myocarditis

A

coxsackieviruses A and B

32
Q

how can you tell if it is a a primary(myocarditis) or secondary inflammation?

A

MI- neutroplils, secondary inflammation

myocarditis - virus cause- lymphocytic infection

33
Q

borrelia and myocarditis

A

lyme disease

34
Q

heart with chagas infection

A

dilated floppy heart

**amastigotes (cause inflammation and destroy heart tissue)

35
Q

heart disease resulting from an abnormality in myocardium

A

cardiomyopathy

36
Q

assymetric thickening of ventricles

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

ptrns abnormal in muscle cells

37
Q

looks normal, but muscle rigid and does not expand

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

due to amyloid deposits, radiation

38
Q

very dilate and weak LV and LA

A

dialted cardiomyopathy

large fibers that are weak and do not contract well

39
Q

how will muscular dystrophy affect the heart?

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

40
Q

how would storage disorders affect the heart>

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

41
Q

most common cause of sudden death in young athletes

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

42
Q

type of heart failure for dilated cardiomyopathy

A

systolic dysfunction

43
Q

type of heart failure with hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

diastolic dysfunction

CS1 Exam 1 (13 decks)

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