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Wjec Chemistry Unit 1 > 1.2 > Flashcards

1.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Positive ion

A

Cation

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2
Q

Negative ion

A

Anion

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3
Q

What is an alpha particle

A

Clusters of 2 protons and 2 neutrons

Helium nuclei

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4
Q

What is a B particle

A

Fast moving electron

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5
Q

What is gama rays

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation

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6
Q

What is a positron

A

Anti electron

Positive B particle

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7
Q

What happens during electron capture

A

Proton rich nucleus absorbs an inner shell electron

The electron combines with a proton to form a neutron

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8
Q

Define half life

A

Time taken for the radioactivity of a radioisotope to fall to half its original value

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9
Q

What is an atomic orbital

A

Region in an atom that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins
Region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron of a given energy

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10
Q

Number of protons =

A
  • atomic number

* number of electrons

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11
Q

Number of neutrons =

A

Mass number - atomic number

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12
Q

What is atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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13
Q

What is mass number

A

the number of protons + the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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14
Q

What is an isotope

A

atoms having the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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15
Q

Why do electrons in an orbital have opposed spins

A

Minimises the effect of repulsion

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16
Q

S orbital

A

Spherical

2 electrons

17
Q

P orbital

A

Dumb-bell shape
3 at right angles
6 electrons

18
Q

Which is filled first 4s or 3d?

A

4s

19
Q

Which configuration numbers are not as expected

A

Chromium and copper

Both end in 4s1

20
Q

What is the molar first ionisation energy

A

Energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of its gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous ions

21
Q

What is the equation to show the first ionisation energy

A

X(g) –> X+(g) + e-

22
Q

What are the three factors that affect ionisation energy

A

Nuclear charge
Electron shielding
Distance of outer electron from nucleus

23
Q

Nuclear charge effect on ionisation energy

A

Greater nuclear charge = greater attractive force on outer electron

24
Q

Electron shielding effect on ionisation energy

A

More filled inner shells or subshells = smaller attractive force on the outer electron

25
Q

Distance of outer electron from nucleus effect on ionisation energy

A

Greater distance = smaller attractive force on outer electron

26
Q

What is electron shieldinh

A

Repulsion between electrons in different shells

Inner electrons repel outer shell electrons

27
Q

What is successive ionisation energies

A

Measure of the energy needed to remove each electron in turn until all the electron are removed from an atom

28
Q

Give the third ionisation energy of sodium

A

Na2+(g) —> Na3+ + e-

29
Q

Why do successive ionisation energies always increase

A
  • greater effective nuclear charge as same number of protons holding fewer electrons
  • less electron shielding with each electron
  • as distance decreases the nuclear attraction increases
30
Q

What does a large increase in successive ionisation energies show

A

Electron has been removed from a new shell closer to the nucleus and gives the group to which the element belongs

31
Q

Which group is an atom that has a large energy jump between 3rd and 4th ionisation energy

A

Group 3

32
Q

What is light

A

A form of electromagnetic radiation

33
Q

Equation for frequency and wavelength of light

A

C = f(lamda)

C is speed of light

34
Q

Equation for frequency of electromagnetic radiation and energy

A 
E = hf
H = plancks contant
35
Q

If frequency increaes

A

Energy increases

Wavelength decreases

36
Q

Describe absorption spectra

A

Energy is absorbed from a light causing electrons to move from a lower energy level to a higher one
Dark lines against a bright background

37
Q

Describe emission spectra

A

Energy is emitted as electrons fall back from higher energy level to a lower one
Coloured lines against a black background

38
Q

State what happens in the nucleus of an atom when a beta particle forms

A

Neutron decays to form a proton and an electron

The nucleus emits the electron

Wjec Chemistry Unit 1 (9 decks)

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