11BIO

Question 1

What is the functions of biomolecules

Answer 1

They build structure and is used in metabolic reaction.

Question 2

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 2

Its when 2 monosaccharides join together. (e.g: sucrose (table sugar), maltose (malt sugar), lactose (milk sugar).

Question 3

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 3

Its when multiple monosaccharides/simple sugars join together. (e.g: starch, cellulose, glycogen)

Question 4

Where are the common polysaccharides found?

Answer 4

starch - found in plant cells
cellulose - makes up plant walls
glycogen - found in animal cells

Question 5

how much energy does 1g carbohydrate release?

Answer 5

17 Kj of energy

Question 6

What is glucose used for?

Answer 6

Its used in cells as a fast source of energy

Question 7

How is energy released in carbohydrates?

Answer 7

By respiration

Question 8

What is sucrose used for?

Answer 8

Plants transport carbohydrates in the form of sucrose

Question 9

What is starch used for?

Answer 9

Plants store carbohydrates in the form of starch.

Question 10

What is glycogen used for?

Answer 10

Animals store carbohydrates as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Question 11

What is cellulose used for?

Answer 11

Its used to make crisscrossing fibers from which plant cells are constructing.

Question 12

properties of lipids

Answer 12

its insoluble to water

Question 13

state the polymers of lipids

Answer 13

waxes, steroids, triglycerides, phospholipids

Question 14

How is energy released in lipids?

Answer 14

its used in a cell to release energy. Its only used in cells when all the carbohydrates have been used up.

Question 15

How much energy is 1g lipids?

Answer 15

39KJ of energy

Question 16

Where is lipids stored?

Answer 16

under the skin (adipose tissue)

Question 17

functions of lipids

Answer 17

1. makes cell membrane
2. stores energy as a back up
3. stored under skin for insulation

Question 18

What is proteins made out of?

Answer 18

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (and some sulfur)

Question 19

Monomers of proteins

Answer 19

amino acids (serine, lysine)

Question 20

what’s chains do monomers form

Answer 20

they form polypeptide chains

Question 21

briefly explain why the arrangement and type of amino acid is important.

Answer 21

because different arrangement of amino acids make up different proteins and form different shapes. small change in sequence affects the protein significantly. amino acids make up the protein so do the order.

Question 22

what are proteins?

Answer 22

large polymers made out of repeating monomers (amino acids) that are held together by peptide bonds.

Question 23

explain peptide bond and polypeptide chain.

Answer 23

peptide bond is the bond between amino acids, its what makes them together. polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids.

Question 24

briefly explain the primary structure of a protein & what its held together by.

Answer 24

primary structure: a sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds (normal)

Question 25

briefly explain secondary structure of a protein & what its held together by.

Answer 25

the polypeptide chains fold into structures (helixes or folded sheets). its held together by hydrogen bonds.

Question 26

briefly explain tertiary structure of a protein & what its held together by.

Answer 26

three dimensional folding of a protein, gives it a specific shape. its held together by hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, and ionic bonds.

Question 27

Briefly explain quaternary structure of a protein & what its held together by.

Answer 27

Contains more than 2 tertiary units. (e.g: Hemoglobin is made up of four different tertiary units bonded together.)

Question 28

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 28

1. growth and repair 2. transportation of molecules 3. hormone production 4. enzyme production

Question 29

How can you tell if an Iodine test is positive or negative

Answer 29

positive: blue negative: orange

Question 30

How can you tell if a benedict test is positive or negative?

Answer 30

positive: red-yellow negative: dark blue

Question 31

What is an important step of benedict solution?

Answer 31

you gotta heat it 80 degrees or more for 4 mins

Question 32

What does ethanol test? (emulsion test)

Answer 32

Lipids/fats

Question 33

How can you tell if a emulsion test is positive or negative?

Answer 33

positive: milky negative: clear

Question 34

How can you tell if a biurets test is positive or negative?

Answer 34

positive: purple negative: light blue

Question 35

What solutions do you need for biurets test?

Answer 35

copper sulfate & sodium hydroxide

Question 36

Why is water important (4 reasons)

Answer 36

1. its a solvent for metabolic reaction that occurs in cells 2. it dissolves glucose in blood so that they can be transported around the body 3. dissolves enzymes/nutrients in the digestive system so digestion can occur 4. allows us to get rid of waste products in kidneys

Question 37

symptoms of overhydration

Answer 37

1. clear urine 2. excessive urination 3. fatigue/headaches 4. swollen feet or hands

Question 38

What are vitamins?

Answer 38

They are organic substances that are needed in small amounts aid in cell function, growth and development. There are 13 different types of vitamins

Question 38

What are minerals?

Answer 38

Each minerals help the body, in different, specialized ways.

Question 38

What is the importance of vitamin c, and what deficiency can you get from not taking enough?

Answer 38

Vitamin C is found in citric acid and raw vegetables, and helps keep tissues in good repair. You can get scurvy which causes pain in joints and muscles, and can cause your gums to bleed.

Question 38

What is the importance of vitamin D, and what deficiency can you get from not taking enough?

Answer 38

Vitamin D is commonly found in butter, egg yolk and from sunlight. It helps calcium be absorbed to help keep bones and teeth healthy. You can get rickets which causes bone deformities, and cause your bones to be soft.

Question 38

Examples of minerals: Calcium & Iron

Answer 38

iron: Makes hemoglobin, a protein that helps RBC transport oxygen. calcium: helps keep bones and teeth strong and healthy.

Question 38

What helps nutrient helps is meet our nutritional needs?

Answer 38

Vitamin, protein, mineral, carbs & fat