1.1.a The structure and function of the skeletal system

Question 1

What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Posture
3. Protection
4. Movement
5. Blood cell production
6. Storage of minerals

Question 2

Support:

Answer 2

Skeleton keeps body upright and provides framework for muscle and tissue attachment.

Question 3

Posture:

Answer 3

Skeleton gives correct shape for our body

Question 4

Protection:

Answer 4

Bones of skeleton protects internal organs and reduce risk of injury on impact.

Question 5

Example of protection in skeletal system (cranium):

Answer 5

Protects the brain

Question 6

Example of protection in skeletal system (ribs):

Answer 6

Protects hearts and lungs

Question 7

Example of protection in skeletal system (vertebrae):

Answer 7

Protects the spinal chord.

Question 8

Example of protection in skeletal system (pelvis):

Answer 8

Protects sensitive reproductive organs

Question 9

Blood cell production:

Answer 9

Certain bones in the skeleton contain bone marrow which produces white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.

Question 10

Movement:

Answer 10

Skeleton allows movement of body.
* Bones from joints and act as levers.
* This allows muscles to produce movement.
* Bones of skeleton provide surface for attachment of muscles.

Question 11

Examples of minerals the bones store:

Answer 11

Calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorus

Question 12

Example of bones containing bone marrow:

Answer 12

pelvis, sternum, humerus, femur

Question 13

Joint definition:

Answer 13

A joint is a place where two or more bones meet and is also called an articulation.

Question 14

Synovial joints:

Answer 14

Allow us the free movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity (freely moveable joints)

Question 15

How cartilage helps synovial joints

Answer 15

The ends of the bones are covered in cartilage which cushions the joint and prevents friction and wear and tear between bone ends.

Question 16

How do ligaments protect the joint?

Answer 16

Can absorb shock because of their elasticity, which protects the joint.

Question 17

Four important synovial joint:

Answer 17

1. Elbow joint
2. Knee joint
3. Hip joint
4. Shoulder joint

Question 18

What type of joint is the elbow joint and the knee joint an example of?

Answer 18

Hinge joint

Question 19

What type of joint is the shoulder joint and the hip joint an example of?

Answer 19

Ball and socket joint

Question 20

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 20

A type of synovial joint that allows bending and straightening only (works like the hinge on a door)

Question 21

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 21

A type of synovial joint that allows movement in almost every direction.

Question 22

What are the articulating bones in the elbow joint?

Answer 22

Humerus, ulna, radius

Question 23

What are the articulating bones in the knee joint?

Answer 23

femur, tibia (fibula and patella are not classed as bones in the knee joint)

Question 25

Articulating bones in the hip joint:

Answer 25

femur, pelvis

Question 26

Articulating bones for the shoulder joint:

Answer 26

Scapula, humerus (clavicle is NOT part of the shoulder joint)

Question 27

flexion

Answer 27

flexion is a decrease in the angle around a joint

Question 28

extension

Answer 28

When the angle of the bones that are moving (articulating bones) is increased.

Question 29

Rotation

Answer 29

Rotation is when the bone turns about its longitudinal axis within the joint. Rotation towards the body is called internal or medical rotation, rotation away from the body is external or lateral rotation.

Question 30

Abduction

Answer 30

Abduction is the movement of the body away from the midline of the body.

Question 31

Adduction

Answer 31

Adduction is the movement towards the midline of the body

Question 32

Circumduction

Answer 32

Circumduction is the movement of a body region in a circular manner.

Question 33

ligaments

Answer 33

Bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone and stabilise movement

Question 34

cartilage

Answer 34

Designed to reduce friction and act as a shock absorber for the joint

Question 35

tendons

Answer 35

connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone