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General Biology 1101 > 11a > Flashcards

11a Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 mechanisms of evolution?

A

Natural selection, variation, genetic drift, gene flow, sexual selection

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2
Q

What can generate new alleles?

A

Mutation

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3
Q

When bacteria change so antibiotics no longer work in people who need them to treat infections

A

Antibiotic resistance

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4
Q

Inherited change in the frequency of characteristics in a population over time

A

Biological Evolution

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5
Q

Characteristics must be inherited via …

A

Gene alleles

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6
Q

Different versions of the same gene

A

Alleles

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7
Q

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographic area

A

Biological population

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8
Q

Any change in the frequency of alleles within a population from one generation to the next

A

Evolution

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9
Q

The differential survival and reproduction among individuals in a population

A

Natural Selection

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10
Q

What is the most common process by which populations adapt to varying environments?

A

Natural selection

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11
Q

What is an example of natural selection?

A

Natural selection

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12
Q

Selection for the average traits (birth weight of human babies)

A

Stabilizing selection

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13
Q

Change in population traits that favor individuals of one extreme of a phenotype that have the advantage over others

A

Directional Selection

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14
Q

What is the most common type of selection?

A

Directional Selection

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15
Q

Selection for extremes, the average condition is the least fit

A

Disruptive selection

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16
Q

Traits that increase reproductive output…

A

Adaptations

17
Q

A single nucleotide change in DNA

A

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

18
Q

Chromosomes after crossing over contain information from maternal and paternal chromosomes

A

Crossing over

19
Q

Parent cell has two complete copies of the manual

A

Recombination

20
Q

Structure grows in place of another

A

Hox gene mutations

21
Q

A change in allele frequencies in a population due to random differences in survival rates

A

Genetic drift

22
Q

Occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of original population

A

The Founder Effect

23
Q

Occurs when a population undergoes an event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing

A

Population bottleneck

24
Q

The exchange of alleles among populations

A

Gene flow

25
Q

The transfer of genetic information material between two different species of organisms

A

Horizontal gene transfer

26
Q

3 mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer?

A

Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation

General Biology 1101 (10 decks)

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