1.1.a Flashcards
Skeletal system key roles
Stability, shape, protection, movement, blood cell production
Bones
Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges (hand)
Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (foot)
Bones
Cranium (head) , clavicle (shoulder), sternum (chest), ribs, radius (arm out), pelvis (becken), femur (Oberschenkel), patella (knee), tibia (leg in)
Bones
Scapula (Schulterblatt), humerus (arm), vertebral column (spine), ulna (arm in), fibula (leg out)
Muscular roles
Respiration
Heat Constricting production
Constricting blood vessels:
Maintaining posture:
Muscles
Deltoids (3x, shoulder), biceps brachii, pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, wrist flexors
Trapezius (nacken), triceps brachii, teres minor & major (Schulter hinten), wrist extensors, latissimus dorsi (back)
Muscles
Iliopsoas (vhügel), leg adductors (brevis, longus & mangus), tibialis anterior (Schienbein)
Gluteus( min, med & max), gastrocnemius & soleus (calf group)
Muscles
Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, v intermedius, v medialis),
Harmstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)
Pivot joint
(Neck) enables rotation in one plane
Hinge joint
(Elbow) Movement in one plane; flexion and extension
Saddle joint
(Wrist) Allows most movements, except rotation
Gliding joint
(Ankles) Limited movement, but in all planes, e.g. between tarsals
Candyloid joint
Wrist
Ball and socket joint
(Btw leg and cat) all movement.
Sagittal plane
- Divides the body into a right side and left side
- Forwards and backwards motion
- Plantar-flexion, Dorsi-flexion, flexion and extension - e.g. running, somersault, bicep curl
Frontal plane
Divides the body into front and back
Transverse Plane
- Divides the body into upper and lower
- Rotational motion
- Sideways motion
- Abduction and Adduction - e.g. star jump, lateral dumbbell raise, goalkeeper dive
Transverse plane
- Divides the body into upper and lower
- Rotational motion
- Sideways motion
- Abduction and Adduction - e.g. star jump, lateral dumbbell raise, goalkeeper dive
- Horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation
- e.g. golf swing, discuss throw
Agonist muscle
Muscle contracts and shortens to cause movement
Antagonist muscle
Relaxes and lengthens to allow agonist to work
Fixator muscle
Contracts to stabilise the movement and sometimes immobilising the joint where the movement originates to prevent any unwanted movement.
Stretch-shortening-cycle
Isotonic contraction
Isotonic concentric
Isotonic eccentric
Isometric contraction
Preparation phase
Execution phase
Recovery phase
Muscle fibres
Contract to make a muscle move, contains of myofibril
Motor neurons
specialised cells that transmit nerve impulses from the CNS in the brain to muscle fibres
Cell body
Located in the spinal cord
Axon / neuron
Branch off from the cell body and send impulses to the motor end plate
Motor end plate
Where the action potential of an impulse travels to, to stimulate a muscle
Action potential
the electrical impulse that stimulates the muscle fibres to produce an ‘action’
