1.1.a

Question 1

Skeletal system key roles

Answer 1

Stability, shape, protection, movement, blood cell production

Question 2

Bones

Answer 2

Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges (hand)
Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (foot)

Question 3

Bones

Answer 3

Cranium (head) , clavicle (shoulder), sternum (chest), ribs, radius (arm out), pelvis (becken), femur (Oberschenkel), patella (knee), tibia (leg in)

Question 4

Bones

Answer 4

Scapula (Schulterblatt), humerus (arm), vertebral column (spine), ulna (arm in), fibula (leg out)

Question 5

Muscular roles

Answer 5

Respiration
Heat Constricting production
Constricting blood vessels:
Maintaining posture:

Question 6

Muscles

Answer 6

Deltoids (3x, shoulder), biceps brachii, pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, wrist flexors
Trapezius (nacken), triceps brachii, teres minor & major (Schulter hinten), wrist extensors, latissimus dorsi (back)

Question 7

Muscles

Answer 7

Iliopsoas (vhügel), leg adductors (brevis, longus & mangus), tibialis anterior (Schienbein)
Gluteus( min, med & max), gastrocnemius & soleus (calf group)

Question 8

Muscles

Answer 8

Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, v intermedius, v medialis),
Harmstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)

Question 9

Pivot joint

Answer 9

(Neck) enables rotation in one plane

Question 10

Hinge joint

Answer 10

(Elbow) Movement in one plane; flexion and extension

Question 11

Saddle joint

Answer 11

(Wrist) Allows most movements, except rotation

Question 12

Gliding joint

Answer 12

(Ankles) Limited movement, but in all planes, e.g. between tarsals

Question 13

Candyloid joint

Answer 13

Wrist

Question 14

Ball and socket joint

Answer 14

(Btw leg and cat) all movement.

Question 15

Sagittal plane

Answer 15

• Divides the body into a right side and left side
• Forwards and backwards motion
• Plantar-flexion, Dorsi-flexion, flexion and extension - e.g. running, somersault, bicep curl

Question 16

Frontal plane

Answer 16

Divides the body into front and back
Transverse Plane
- Divides the body into upper and lower
- Rotational motion
- Sideways motion
- Abduction and Adduction - e.g. star jump, lateral dumbbell raise, goalkeeper dive

Question 17

Transverse plane

Answer 17

• Divides the body into upper and lower
• Rotational motion
  
  • Sideways motion
• Abduction and Adduction - e.g. star jump, lateral dumbbell raise, goalkeeper dive
• Horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation
• e.g. golf swing, discuss throw

Question 18

Agonist muscle

Answer 18

Muscle contracts and shortens to cause movement

Question 19

Antagonist muscle

Answer 19

Relaxes and lengthens to allow agonist to work

Question 20

Fixator muscle

Answer 20

Contracts to stabilise the movement and sometimes immobilising the joint where the movement originates to prevent any unwanted movement.

Question 21

Stretch-shortening-cycle

Question 22

Isotonic contraction

Question 23

Isotonic concentric

Question 24

Isotonic eccentric

Question 25

Isometric contraction

Question 26

Preparation phase

Question 27

Execution phase

Question 28

Recovery phase

Question 29

Muscle fibres

Answer 29

Contract to make a muscle move, contains of myofibril

Question 30

Motor neurons

Answer 30

specialised cells that transmit nerve impulses from the CNS in the brain to muscle fibres

Question 31

Cell body

Answer 31

Located in the spinal cord

Question 32

Axon / neuron

Answer 32

Branch off from the cell body and send impulses to the motor end plate

Question 33

Motor end plate

Answer 33

Where the action potential of an impulse travels to, to stimulate a muscle

Question 34

Action potential

Answer 34

the electrical impulse that stimulates the muscle fibres to produce an ‘action’