1.1.5 pre-quiz

Question 1

Charge of DNA molecule

Answer 1

Negatively charged

Question 2

The four building blocks of DNA are …

Answer 2

Nucleotides

Question 3

Nucleotides must have 3 components

Answer 3

Phosphate group, 1 deoxyribose molecule, and 1 nitrogenous base

Question 4

Phosphate group molecular structure

Answer 4

4 oxygen atoms, 1 phosphorous atom

Question 5

Shape of DNA strand

Answer 5

Double helix

Question 6

Four bases acronym

Answer 6

ATGC

Question 7

Adenine pairs with …

Answer 7

Thymine

Question 8

Cytosine pairs with …

Answer 8

Guanine

Question 9

Thymine pairs with …

Answer 9

Adenine

Question 10

Guanine pairs with …

Answer 10

Cytosine

Question 11

If it has 2 rings, it is a …

Answer 11

Purine

Question 12

If it has 1 ring, it is a …

Answer 12

Pyrimidine

Question 13

Which types (2) of nitrogenous bases always pair?

Answer 13

Purines and pyrimidines

Question 14

Why do purines & pyrimidines pair?

Answer 14

Molecular structure of purines lets them make hydrogen bonds with pyrimidines.

Question 15

What makes up the double helix backbone?

Answer 15

Phosphate groups and deoxyribose

Question 16

What makes up the double helix’s rungs?

Answer 16

Base pairs

Question 17

How is DNA extracted from agarose gel (process name)?

Answer 17

Elution

Question 18

What is the purpose of buffer solution?

Answer 18

Helps electricity flow through the gel

Question 19

What if the scientist left the gel electrophoresis chamber on too long?

Answer 19

The samples would be at the end of the gel (the positive electrode) or out of the gel and in the buffer solution.

Question 20

Steps of gel electrophoresis

Answer 20

1) Samples of DNA are placed into wells of agarose gel with ethidium bromide using a micropipette.
2) They place the gel inside buffer solution into a gel electrophoresis chamber.
3) They hook the box up to a power supply so electricity goes through the buffer solution.
4) DNA starts to move towards the positive electrode of the electrophoresis chamber.
5) The gel is removed. The fragments have formed bands on the gel that can be seen with UV light.

Question 21

Organelles

Answer 21

Small structures that perform a function in the cell

Question 22

Have distinct nuclei and membrane-bound organelles

Answer 22

Eukaryotic cell

Question 23

Don’t have membrane-bound organelles (only bacteria)

Answer 23

Prokaryotic cell

Question 24

DNA is stored in the __ of bacteria

Answer 24

Nucleoid

Question 25

Chromosome

Answer 25

Tightly coiled packages of DNA

Question 26

How many chromosomes are there in a healthy human cell?

Answer 26

46 in body cells and 23 in gametes

Question 27

Histones

Answer 27

Proteins that DNA strands wind around to form chromosomes

Question 28

DNA cannot be extracted from ...

Answer 28

Red blood cells (they don't have nuclei)

Question 29

DNA can be extracted from ...

Answer 29

Bone (marrow), hair, preserved body parts, clothing/fibers, saliva, and body fluids

Question 30

What does PCR stand for?

Answer 30

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 31

What is the purpose of PCR?

Answer 31

To make millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence from a small sample of DNA