1.1.5

Question 1

What organisms contain DNA?

Answer 1

all living organisms besides retroviruses because they contain RNA not DNA

Question 2

What is the structure of DNA? -

Answer 2

a double helix held by bonds of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 3

What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Be able to identify them on a diagram. -

Answer 3

phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base (graph is somwhere else)

Question 4

Know the nucleotide pairs. -

Answer 4

A (adenine) pairs with T (thymine) and G (guanine) pairs with C (cytosine)

Question 5

How is DNA packaged? Know the terms histones and chromosomes -

Answer 5

Histones: proteins that provide structure for DNA and Chromosomes

Chromosomes: Package of DNA

DNA: packaged into thread like sturctures held up by histones to help maintain the shape

Question 6

What is the purpose of the detergent/mashing step during a DNA extraction? What is the purpose of the ice-cold alcohol?

Answer 6

The detergent is added to release the DNA into the solution, while the ice cold alcohol is added so the DNA will precipitate.

Question 7

What are restriction enzymes? Restriction sites?

Answer 7

A restriction enzyme is a protein that cuts the DNA at specific sequences. Restriction sites are sequences of around 6-8 DNA base pairs which bind to a specific given restriction enzyme.

Question 8

Know how to identify where a restriction enzyme would cut and how many total cuts and fragments would be made in a piece of DNA.

Answer 8

A restriction enzyme will make a double-stranded cut in the DNA when it finds its target sequence. 5 fragments