P&W : Nuclear Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Isotopes

A

An isotope of an element has the same number of protons but a different number of neurtrons

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2
Q

Mass Number (A)

A

Gives the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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3
Q

Atomic Number (Z)

A

Gives the number of protons in the nucleus.

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4
Q

Alpha Radiation

A

Alpha radiation conisists of 2 Protons and 2 neutrons. It is the same as a helium nucleus.

It has a relativly small mass and a short range in air (3-5cm)

It is positvely charged and is absorbed by a single sheet of paper

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5
Q

Beta Radiation

A

A beta particle is a fast moving electron.

It has a relativly small mass and a longer range in air (15cm)

It is negativly charged and is absorbed by 2-3mm of aluminium.

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6
Q

Gamma radiation

A

A gamma ray is a high electromagnetic wave.

It has no mass and a very long range in air (hundreds of metres)

It has no charge and is abosrbed by 2-3cm of lead.

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7
Q

Alpha Decay

A

Mass Number (A) will decrease by 4

Atomic Number (Z) Will decrease by 2

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8
Q

Beta Decay

A
Mass Number (A) will remain unchanged 
Atomic (Z) will increase by 1
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9
Q

Nuclear Fission

A

The process in which an unstable, heavy atomic nucleus splits into two or more lighter nucei (called fission fragments), with energy being released.

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10
Q

Spontanous Fission and Induced Fission

A

Spontaneous Fission - A type of nuclear fission that occurs when the nuclues randomly decays.

Induced Fision - A type of nuclear fission that occurs when the nucleus is bombarded by a neutroin causing it to split.

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11
Q

Chain Fission reactions

A

When a nucleus unergoes induced fission the released neutrons can go on to hit other nuclei, casuing further fission reactions, and the cycle repeats.

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12
Q

Nuclear Fission Reactors

A

Nuclear power stations uses nuclear fission to produce heat energy within the nuclear fission reactors.

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13
Q

Nuclear Fusion

A

The process of a small nucei joining together to form a larger nucleus, with energy being released.

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14
Q

Nuclear Fusion reactor

A

Where nuclear fusion is used to produce energy

Special conditions of high temperatures and pressured are required to create the plasma in which the fusion reactions can take place.

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15
Q

Plasma and Plasma Containment

A

Plasma - A state of matter in which nuclear fusion reactions can take place on.

Plasma Contaiment - The use of strong magnetic fields to prevent the high-temperature plasma from physically touching and therefore melting any parts of the reactor.

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