114 Exam 1

Question 1

Bretton Woods Institutions/System

Answer 1

An international monetary system that created the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank

Question 2

Development Ethics

Answer 2

An approach to INDE that ensures governments and NGO’s provide worthwhile, sustainable, and participatory development

Question 3

Development Economics

Answer 3

Focus on developing the economies and social and fiscal conditions of developing countries.

Question 4

Keynesian Economics

Answer 4

A macroeconomic theory states that governments should actively participate in their countries’ economies instead of letting the free market stabilize the economy.

Question 5

Modernization

Answer 5

The process of updating the country’s outdated infrastructure

Question 6

Neoliberalism

Answer 6

Implementation of the free market, privatization, deregulation, and liberalization

Question 7

Marxism

Answer 7

A view that analyzes the history of society and the struggle between social classes.

Question 8

Dependency Theory

Answer 8

A theory that suggests core nations make periphery nations dependent on them through trade and cheap labour.

Question 9

Capabilities Approach

Answer 9

A way of assessing human welfare that focuses on a person’s ability to live the life they value.

Question 10

Human Development

Answer 10

Process of improving the freedoms and opportunities of people.

Question 11

Human Security

Answer 11

Improving human safety and well-being involves protecting people from threats to their livelihoods, such as hunger, disease, and repression.

Question 12

Global North

Answer 12

A term used to describe the wealthy and powerful countries in the world rather than a specific geographic region.

Question 13

Global South

Answer 13

A term used to describe the world’s developing regions, mostly in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania.

Question 14

Eco-Tourism

Answer 14

A form of sustainable tourism that aims to minimize environmental impact while also educating visitors about nature.

Question 15

Voluntourism

Answer 15

A type of travel where tourists volunteer for a cause, usually in a developing country.

Question 16

Emerging Economies

Answer 16

The economy of a developing nation is becoming more engaged with global markets as it grows. Considered to have some but not all of the characteristics of a developed market.

Question 17

Ethical Tourism and Travel

Answer 17

The consideration of the impact of actions on society, culture and the environment.

Question 18

Fourth World

Answer 18

A term used to describe the most impoverished and marginalized regions of the world

Question 19

Gender Equality Index

Answer 19

An index for the measurement of gender disparity

Question 20

Global Civil Society

Answer 20

A broad term that refers to networks of people, organizations, and ideas that operate outside of national governments, such as NGOs in international development.

Question 21

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Answer 21

The total value of all goods and services produced in a country over a specific period of time, typically a year.

Question 22

GDP per capita

Answer 22

GDP divided by its population. It is often considered an indicator of a country’s standard of living.

Question 23

Happiness Index

Answer 23

Used to measure aspects of human suffering within a population. Such as the impact of social injustice, climate injustice, income inequality, disengagement from the democratic process, loneliness, isolation, and ill health.

Question 24

Human Development Index

Answer 24

A summary composite measure of a country’s average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: health, knowledge and standard of living.

Question 25

Humanitarianism

Answer 25

A philosophy that values human life and aims to improve the human condition with the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence.

Question 26

Human Rights

Answer 26

Rights set out by the U.N. are owed to every human without discrimination.

Question 27

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Answer 27

10 December 1948, the U.N. proclaimed that fundamental human rights to be universally protected.

Question 28

First-Generation Human Rights

Answer 28

This category has civil and political rights such as freedom of opinion, freedom of expression and press, equal access to the public, and participation in the elaboration of laws.

Question 29

Second-Generation Human Rights

Answer 29

This category of socioeconomic and cultural rights has categories such as the right to work, freedom of association, the right to education, learning, and social insurance.

Question 30

Third-Generation Human Rights

Answer 30

This category has solidarity rights, such as the right of people to self-determination, the right to peace, the right to development, and the right to humanitarian assistance.

Question 31

International Law

Answer 31

A set of rules that govern the legal interactions between states and other actors. It also governs how states treat people within their own borders.

Question 32

Millennium Development Goals

Answer 32

Old global goals that did not achieve their targets for eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. Modern SDGs replaced it.

Question 32

International Monetary Fund

Answer 32

An organization of 189 member countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.

Question 33

Sustainable Development Goals

Answer 33

17 global goals were set out by the U.N. for 2030 to achieve peace and prosperity for people and the planet while tackling climate change and working to preserve oceans and forests.

Question 34

International Organizations (IOs)

Answer 34

A group of governmental or non-governmental organizations from several countries collaborating.

Question 35

non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Answer 35

A non-profit organization that operates outside of government control.

Question 36

multinational corporations (MNCs)

Answer 36

A company that does business in multiple countries.

Question 37

Parts/Pieces of Global Governance

Answer 37

The system of institutions, rules, norms, and procedures that enable international cooperation on issues that cross national borders.

Question 38

Rational self-interest Regime

Answer 38

An economic theory that assumes people make decisions that benefit themselves.

Question 39

Shock Doctrine/Disaster Capitalism

Answer 39

Political actors exploit the chaos of natural disasters, wars, and other crises to push through unpopular policies such as deregulation and privatization.

Question 40

5P principle

Answer 40

Expansion on the Triple Bottom Line (people, prosperity, and planet) to include partnership and peace.

Question 41

United Nations

Answer 41

An intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain peace, security, friendly relations, and achieve international cooperation.

Question 42

World Bank

Answer 42

An international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low and middle-income countries for the purposes of economic development.