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Civics > 1136 Definitions > Flashcards

1136 Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

practice of using appointments to reward service

A

patronage

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2
Q

preliminary election held to select candidates and/or delegates to party conventions

A

direct primary

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3
Q

military advisers to the President

A

Joint Chiefs of Staff

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4
Q

chief law officer of the U.S.

A

Attorney General

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5
Q

presidential candidate supported mainly by his own state

A

favorite son

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6
Q

civilian head of armed forces

A

Secretary of Defense

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7
Q

“fourth branch of government”

A

regulatory commissions

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8
Q

statement of principles adopted by a political party

A

Platform

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9
Q

Group that performs a variety of tasks for the President

A

Executive Office of the President

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10
Q 
Civil aeronautics board
Federal communications commission
Federal trade commission
Interstate commerce commission
National labor relations board
Securities and exchange commission
A

Regulatory commissions

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11
Q

Council of economic advisers
National security council
Office of management and budget
White House office

A

EOP
or
Executive Office of the President

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12
Q

Secretary of Defense
Secretary of State
Secretary of Agriculture
Attorney General

A

Cabinet positions

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13
Q

practice of following precedents established in previous court cases

A

stare decisis

___________

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14
Q

highest civil government authority

A

state

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15
Q

minor criminal offense

A

misdemeanor

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16
Q

serious criminal offense

A

felony

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17
Q

statutory law dealing with offenses against society

A

criminal law

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18
Q

private law regulating relationships between private citizens or organizations

A

civil law

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19
Q

hears cases for the first time

A

court of first instance

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20
Q

hears appeals of lower court decisions

A

appellate court

21
Q

limiting of certain cases to federal court jurisdiction

A

exclusive jurisdiction

22
Q

sharing of jurisdiction between state and federal courts

A

concurrent jurisdiction

23
Q

any court order directing a person to do or not do some act

A

writ

24
Q

Supreme Court order requesting records from a lower court

A

writ of certiorari

_______

25
Q

suits between parties from different states involving more than $50,000

A

diversity cases

26
Q

“with all judges present”

A

en banc

______

27
Q

agrees with the conclusion, but not necessarily the reasoning, of the majority

A

concurring opinion

28
Q

disagrees with the majority opinion

A

dissenting opinion

29
Q

statement of opinion going beyond the conclusions necessary to support the decision

A

obiter dictum

__________

30
Q

body of judge-made law involving application of precedents

A

common law

31
Q

written rules of conduct enacted by a legislative body

A

statutory law

32
Q

regulations made by agencies

A

administrative law

33
Q

written code of rules and procedures applied by the court

A

civil law

34
Q

preventative justice to enforce a legal duty or to prevent a rights violation

A

equity law

35
Q

argument pertaining to the case before the Court and written by a “friend of the court”

A

amicus curiae brief

_______________

36
Q

disagrees with the opinion of the majority of the Supreme Court justices

A

dissenting opinion

37
Q

agrees with the conclusion of the majority of the Supreme Court justices

A

concurring opinion

38
Q

document containing a summary of the issues, laws pertaining to the case, and arguments supporting the party’s position

A

brief

39
Q

handle preliminary matters

A

commissioners

40
Q

perform routine court jobs

A

clerks, bailiffs, stenographers, court reporters, probation officers

41
Q

maintain order, guard prisoners, etc.

A

U.S. marshalls

42
Q

are under the supervision of the Attorney General

A

U.S. District Attorneys

43
Q

order requiring appearance in court of a detained person

A

writ of habeas corpus

____________

44
Q

order requiring a public official to perform some duty

A

writ of mandamus

________

45
Q

order requiring or preventing a certain action

A

writ of injunction

46
Q

is commander of the armed forces
is elected by the electoral college
exercises veto of legislative acts
may call special sessions of or adjourn Congress
is the representative of U.S. to rest of world
is provided for in the Constitution

A

President

47
Q

casts tie-breaking vote in Senate
is elected by the electoral college
presides over the Senate
is provided for in the Constitution

A

Vice-President

48
Q

is appointed by the President
is interpreter of the Constitution
writes opinions
operation, composition, and organization controlled by Congress
determines constitutionality of legislative acts
oversees administration of justice by federal courts
has both original and appellate jurisdiction
holds office during “good behavior”
is provided for in the Constitution

A

Supreme Court

Civics (9 decks)

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