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Computer Science 1.1 - Components of a Computer > 1.1.3: Input, Output, Storage > Flashcards

1.1.3: Input, Output, Storage Flashcards

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1
Q

How does Optical Storage work?

A
  • Read from and written to using lasers
  • Binary information is represented by portions of the disc that either reflect or scatter the incident laser written in the spiral tracks on the disc’s surface
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2
Q

What are Pits in terms of Optical Storage?

A
  • Indented portions of the Optical disc
  • Scatter light
  • Represent 0
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3
Q

What are Lands in terms of Optical Storage?

A
  • Flat portions of the Optical disc
  • Reflect light
  • Represent 1
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4
Q

What are CDs used for?

A
  • Compact Disc
  • Storing small quantities of information, commonly audio files, or text and digital images
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5
Q

What are DVDs used for?

A
  • Digital Versatile Disc
  • Higher storage capacity than CDs, making them suitable to storing digital videos which require more storage than audio files or photos
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6
Q

What are Blu-Rays used for?

A
  • More than 5 times more storage than DVDs, making them useful for storing high resolution films
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7
Q

How does Magnetic Storage work?

A
  • Devices storing information magnetically represent binary using polarised and unpolarised magnetic states
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8
Q

What is Polarised in terms of Magnetic Storage?

A
  • All magnetic poles align and can be read by a read/write head passing over the region
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9
Q

What is Unpolarised in terms of Magnetic Storage?

A
  • Magnetic poles are randomly scattered and produce a different reading on the read/write head
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10
Q

How do HDDs work?

A
  • Typically have high capacities and work by rotating magnetic platters at high speeds under a read/write head on an actuating arm
  • The combination of the arm and rotating platter allows the read/write head to access any part of the platter
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11
Q

How does Flash Storage work?

A
  • Fast and compact
  • Make use of silicon semiconductors forming NAND and NOR logic gates to store electrical charge in one of two states to represent the binary values (high or low)
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12
Q

What are the benefits of Flash Storage?

A
  • Can be erased and reprogrammed electronically
  • Is non-volatile
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13
Q

What is NAND used for?

A
  • For storing large files such as photos and videos
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14
Q

What is NOR used for?

A
  • For storing small quantities of data, such as code to be executed
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15
Q

How do the CAPACITIES of the Storage types compare?

A
  • OPTICAL: Up to roughly 50GB per disc
  • MAGNETIC: Up to and including 15TB
  • SSD: Up to about 4TB
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16
Q

How do the SPEEDS of the Storage types compare?

A
  • OPTICAL: 50 MB/s
  • MAGNETIC: 100 - 200 MB/s
  • No problems in overwriting data
  • SSD: Very fast when writing data (Up to 3.5 GB/s)
  • Finite read - write cycles
17
Q

How do the PORTABILITIES of the Storage types compare?

A
  • OPTICAL: Very portable
  • MAGNETIC (Internal): Not very portable
    _ MAGNETIC (External: Very portable
  • SSD: Very portable unless inbuilt
18
Q

How do the RELIABILITIES of the Storage types compare?

A
  • OPTICAL: Very reliable
  • Can last many years (Eventually degrade after 30+ years)
  • MAGNETIC: Very reliable
  • Can last many years, if not decades
  • SSD: Very reliable due to lack of moving parts
19
Q

How do the DURABILITIES of the Storage types compare?

A
  • Depends how stored
  • OPTICAL: Fairly durable
  • Easily scratched if maltreated and are sensitive to overexposure to light
  • MAGNETIC: Fairly durable but contain moving parts that can break easily
  • SSD: Extremely durable due to lack of moving parts
20
Q

How do the PRICES PER BIT of the Storage types compare?

A
  • OPTICAL: Cheap
  • MAGNETIC: Cheap
  • SSD: Most expensive
21
Q

How do the SIZES of the Storage types compare?

A
  • OPTICAL: Small
  • MAGNETIC: 2.5 - 3.5 Inches
  • SSD: Range
22
Q

How do RAM and ROM compare?

A
  • RAM is Volatile: ROM is Non-Volatile
  • RAM is Read - Write: ROM is Read Only
  • RAM stores programs currently in use: ROM stores BOOTSTRAP and BIOS
22
Q

What is Virtual Storage?

A
  • Storing information remotely so that it can be accessed by a computer with access to the same system, for example over the internet
  • Often an abstraction of multiple drives acting like one: Information stored on the Cloud is actually stored on 100s of hard drives or SSDs formatted to act as a single piece of storage
23
Q

What are some examples of Virtual Storage?

A
  • Cloud storage services
  • Networked storage used in offices and schools
24
Q

What are advantages and disadvantages of Virtual Storage?

A
  • ADVANTAGES: Convenient to access and share
  • DISADVANTAGES: Limitations of a user’s network speed and high costs

Computer Science 1.1 - Components of a Computer (3 decks)

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