1.1.2014

Question 1

Normal pleural fluid chemistries

Answer 1

pH 7.60
LDH <0.5 of serum
glucose 0.6-0.8 of serum

Question 2

Lights criteria

Answer 2

fluid:serum protein ratio <0.67 of ULN of serum

Question 3

pseudo exudate

Answer 3

diuretic treated CHF,Cirrhosis,nephrotic syndrome

Question 4

test to identify pseudo exudate

Answer 4

serum to pleural fluid albumin gradient> 1.2

Question 5

Hct of pleural fluid in hemothorax

Answer 5

> 0.5 of serum

Question 6

volume of pleural fluid and chest x ray

Answer 6

obscure posterior costophrenic sulcus: 75ml
obscure lateral costophrenic sulcus: 175ml
entire diaphragmatic contour is obscured: 500 ml
fluid reaches the anterior 4th rib: 1000 ml

Question 7

bloody pleural fluid is seen in

Answer 7

trauma
malignancy
pulmonary embolism

Question 8

lymphocytosis in pleural fluid

Answer 8

>85%
tuberculous
lymphoma
sarcoid
pseudoexudate
chronic rheumatoid

Question 9

eosinophilia in pleural fluid

Answer 9

pneumothorax
hemothorax
fungal
parasitic
drugs
malignancy
benign asbestos effusion

Question 10

pleural fluid protein levels and conditions

Answer 10

> 3g/dl most exudates
4 tuberculous
7-8 blood cell dyscrasias

Question 11

pleural fluid LDH>1000U/L

Answer 11

empyema
high burden malignancy
rheumatoid
paragonimiasis

Question 12

fluid:serum LDH ratio >1

Answer 12

pneumocystis

urinothorax

Question 13

TGL level in chylothorax?

Answer 13

> 110 mg/dl

Question 14

how much of fluid can be safely removed by large volume paracentesis

Answer 14

1.5L

Question 15

massive hemoptysis

Answer 15

more than 600ml of blood in 24 hrs

Question 16

difference btw primary cilliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis

Answer 16

normal sweat chloride

limited GI symptoms

Question 17

swachmann diamond syndrome

Answer 17

pancreatic insufficiency
cyclic neutropenia
short stature

Question 18

CF commonly affects which lung lobe

Answer 18

upper

Question 19

Longterm adverse effects of inhaled aerosolized tobramycin

Answer 19

voice change

tinnitus

Question 20

empirical antibiotic therapy for acute exacerbations in cystic fibrosis

Answer 20

IV semisynthetic penicillin+ 3 or 4 G cephalosporins or FQs+aminoglycosides

Question 21

Diabetic pts with no dietary restriction

Answer 21

cystic fibrosis

Question 22

strong predictor of mortality in CF pts

Answer 22

FEV1