11.2- NOMENCLATURE- NAMING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Flashcards
Who created the system used for naming compounds?
IUPAC
What is IUPAC?
international organisation of chemists that draws up standards so that chemists throughout the world use the same conventions
What does the root of the systematic name tell us?
the longest unbranched hydrocarbon chain or ring
What does the syllable after the root tell us?
whether there are any double bonds
What does the syllable -ane mean?
no double bond
What does the syllable -ene mean?
double bond
What do the prefixes and suffixes describe?
changes that have been made to root molecule
What is shown by the prefix?
side chains, whose names tell us the number of carbons \
What additional prefix do hydrocarbon ring molecules have?
cyclo
What is the suffix for alcohols?
-ol
What are functional groups?
reactive groups attached to hydrocarbon chain
How does the functional group react depending on the length of the hydrocarbon chain?
functional group reacts in same way, whatever the length of the hydrocarbon chain
How are halogenoalkanes named?
using a prefix (fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- )
What must you do with longer chains?
need to say where a side chain or a functional group is located on main chain
What is used to tell us the position of any branching in a chain and position of functional group?
number
What is a structural formulae?
have same molecular formula but different structural formulae
How are the substituting groups ordered?
in alphabetical order
What is a homologous series?
family of organic compounds with the same functional group, but different carbon chain length
Do members of a homologous series have the same general formula?
yes
How does each member of series differ from the next? (homologous series)
by CH2
What affect does the length of the carbon chain have on chemical reactivity of the functional group?
little effect on chemical reactivity of the functional group
What does the length of the carbon chain affect?
physical properties
What physical properties does the length of the carbon chain affect?
melting point, boiling point and solubility
What happens to melting and boiling point as number of carbon atoms in chain increases?
melting points and boiling points increase by a small amount
Why does melting and boiling point increase as number of carbon atoms in chain increases?
intermolecular forces increases
Generally how does the size of molecules affect their state?
small molecules are gases, larger ones liquid, or solids
What does chain branching generally do?
generally reduces melting points as molecules pack together less well
