11.1- CARBON COMPOUNDS

Question 1

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 1

chemistry of carbon compounds

Question 2

What can carbon form?

Answer 2

rings and very long chains, which may be branched

Question 3

Why can carbon form rings and very long chains, which may be branched? (2)

Answer 3

carbon atom has 4 electrons in its outer shell, so forms four covalent bonds

carbon-carbon bonds relatively strong (347 kJ/mol) and non-polar

Question 4

Is the carbon-hydrogen bond strong?

Answer 4

yes (413kJ/mol)

Question 5

is the carbon-hydrogen bond polar or non-polar?

Answer 5

relatively non-polar

Question 6

What do hydrocarbon chains form?

Answer 6

skeleton of most organic compounds

Question 7

In all stable compounds how many covalent bonds does a carbon atom have?

Answer 7

4 covalent bonds

Question 8

How many electrons does the carbon have in a stable carbon compound?

Answer 8

eight electrons in its outer shell

Question 9

How can each carbon atom have 4 covalent bonds and 8 electrons in its outer shell? (3)

Answer 9

forming four single bonds

forming 2 single bonds and one double bond

forming one single bond and one triple bond

Question 10

What is the empirical formula?

Answer 10

formula that shows the simplest ratio of atoms of each element present in compound

Question 11

What is the molecular formula?

Answer 11

formula that shows the actual number if atoms

Question 12

What does the displayed formula show?

Answer 12

shows every atom and every bond

Question 13

What does the structural formula show?

Answer 13

shows the unique arrangement of atoms in a molecule in a simplified form, without showing all the bonds

Question 14

What is not drawn out in the skeletal notation?

Answer 14

carbon atoms are not drawn at all

Question 15

What do the straight lines in the skeletal formulae represent?

Answer 15

carbon-carbon bonds and

Question 16

Is the hydrogen atoms or C-H bonds drawn in a skeletal formulae?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

What does the skeletal formula give you a rough idea about?

Answer 17

bond angles

Question 18

What is the bond angles in an unbranched alkane chain?

Answer 18

109.5°

Question 19

How are bonds coming out of the paper shown by?

Answer 19

wedges

Question 20

How are bonds going into the paper shown by?

Answer 20

dotted lines

Question 21

What is often used to explain what happens in organic reactions?

Answer 21

considering movement of electrons

Question 22

What charge do electron have?

Answer 22

negative

Question 23

How do electrons move as they’re negatively charged?

Answer 23

tend to move from areas of high electron density to more positively charged areas

Question 24

How is the movement of a pair of electrons shown?

Answer 24

by curly arrow that starts from lone pair of electrons or from covalent bond and moves towards positively positively charged area of molecule to form new bond

Question 25

How can a covalent bond sometimes break?

Answer 25

such way that one electron goes to each atom that originally formed the bond

Question 26

What do the fragments of the original molecule from when the covalent bond is broken have?

Answer 26

an unpaired electron

Question 27

What are the fragments of the original molecule from when the covalent bond is broken called?

Answer 27

free radicals

Question 28

How reactive are free radicals?

Answer 28

extremely reactive