1.1.2 Liquid Penetrant Testing Level 1 (PT-1) Specific Examination Flashcards
- Which of the following types of penetrants, developers, solvents are used when conducting a liquid penetrant test on a part that is exposed to a liquid oxygen environment.
(a) Water based penetrants
(b) Water based developers
(c) Water based solvents
(d) All of the above
(a) Water based penetrants
- The causes of non relevant indications are:
(a) Insufficient removal of excess surface penetrant
(b) Penetrant on operators hands
(c) Threads, keyways, splines, sharp corners, press fits, blind holes, rough surfaces
(d) Contaminated work surfaces
(c) Threads, keyways, splines, sharp corners, press fits, blind holes, rough surfaces
- Which of the following metals must be tested with low halogen sulphur free penetrant materials:
(a) Copper, silver, gold
(b) Nickel based alloys, certain stainless steel materials
(c) Steel, iron, aluminium
(d) Plastic, wood, paper
(d) Plastic, wood, paper
- List two main advantages of ‘wet’ developers.
Better on smooth surfaces where the dry developer will not adhere.
When a wide, shallow discontinuity is sought, a wet developer will leave a more even coat of developer
- Penetrant testing is limited by its inability to test which of the following materials:
(a) Aluminium
(b) Ceramics
(c) Porous materials
(d) Moulded rubber
(d) Moulded rubber
- List four cleaning processes that are to be avoided
- Insufficient removal of excess surface penetrant.
- Penetrant on inspection table.
- Penetrant transferred to clean specimen from other indications.
- Contamination of developer.
- Penetrant on operator’s hands.
- Cracks, lack of penetration, lack of fusion which are surface breaking on a welded aluminium plate which has been liquid penetrant tested will show as:
(a) Linear indications
(b) Rounded indications
(c) Square indications
(d) Triangular indications
(c) Square indications
- The typical temperature ranges for conducting a liquid penetrant test is:
(a) 60 to 100ºC
(b) 10 to 60ºF
(c) 16 to 52ºC
(d) 10 to 20ºK
(c) 16 to 52ºC
- Liquid penetrants can be further categorised by the removal method of excess surface penetrant:
(a) Water washable
(b) Solvent removable
(c) Post emulsified
(d) All of the above
(a) Water washable
- Surface breaking porosity will show what type of relevant indications when a welded aluminium plate is tested with the liquid penetrant method:
(a) Linear indications
(b) Square indications
(c) Triangular indications
(d) Rounded indications
(b) Square indications
- List two ways of recording relevant indications for record purposes.
photograph
schetch
- Explain what is meant by LOX compatible penetrant materials.
must be used when articles inspected are subjected to contact either liquid or gases (it can ignite)
water based developers and penetrant are used
- Which of the following methods is not recommended for pre-cleaning prior to a liquid penetrant test:
(a) Steam cleaning, etching, rust and paint removal
(b) Solvent wipe, vapour degreasing, ultrasonic bath cleaning
(c) Blasting, grinding, filing, honing, machining
(d) All of the listed methods are not recommended
(d) All of the listed methods are not recommended
- The purpose of using a developer is:
(a) To create a contrasting background for the penetrants to ensure better visibility
of indications
(b) Assists in reverse capillary action due to absorption ability of developers
(c) Prevent the part from corroding after the liquid penetrant test
(d) To ensure that the part has been correctly heat treated
(e) Both a and b are correct
(b) Assists in reverse capillary action due to absorption ability of developers
- The typical sequence of conducting a visible solvent removable penetrant is:
(a) Pre-clean with a solvent wipe method
(b) Apply visible penetrant, keep wet, dwell time of 2 minutes
(c) Pour solvent on surface of part and wipe with waste cloth
(d) Spray on a thick layer of developer
(e) Inspect and report
(f) Post-clean
(g) The above listed methods are not correct for various reasons
(d) Spray on a thick layer of developer
- Explain why low halogen, sulphur-free penetrant materials should be used on stainless
steel, titanium and nickel-based alloys.
-
- The principle on which liquid penetrant testing is based on is:
(a) Capillary action of the penetrant
(b) Capillary action of cleaner/solvent
(c) Capillary action of developer
(d) None of the listed is correct
(a) Capillary action of the penetrant
- The limitation of a liquid penetrant test is:
(a) Only surface breaking discontinuities can be detected if chemically and
physically clean and dry
(b) Porous materials cannot be tested
(c) There is cleaning problem following penetrant inspection in some cases
(d) All of the listed limitations are correct
(b) Porous materials cannot be tested
- Name the six basic steps in the correct sequence of how to conduct a typical liquid
penetrant test.
-
- Penetrants may be applied to the surface of part by :
(a) Spraying
(b) Dipping
(c) Pouring
(d) All of the above methods are acceptable
(b) Dipping
- List four properties of a good penetrant.
-
- Which of the following is a reason to post clean a part after a liquid penetrant test:
(a) The part might be further processed
(b) If repairs are necessary
(c) Developers absorb moisture and may result in part being corroded
(d) All of the reasons are correct
(c) Developers absorb moisture and may result in part being corroded
- What is the main function of the emulsifier used in post-emulsification penetrant
process:
-
- Which of the following penetrant has a built-in emulsifier
(a) Water washable
(b) Solvent removable
(c) Post emulsified
(d) All of the listed above
(a) Water washable
- Liquid penetrants can be classified into the types of dyes they contain:
(a) Visible/colour contrast
(b) Fluorescent
(c) Dual sensitivity
(d) All of the listed is correct
(d) All of the listed is correct
- Explain why an emulsifier is used prior to the removal of excess surface penetrant when a post emulsified penetrant is used.
-
- Explain what will happen when the excess surface penetrant of a solvent removable penetrant is removed by means of solvent sprayed directly onto the surface of a part.
-
- The advantages of using a visible solvent removable penetrant versus a post emulsified fluorescent penetrant is:
(a) No UV light is needed
(b) The technique is well suitable for site tests or spot checks
(c) No water or emulsifiers are needed
(d) No extra equipment is needed
(e) All of the advantages listed above are correct
(d) No extra equipment is needed
- List four common surface breaking weld discontinuities that can be detected on
welded aluminium, stainless steel materials when conducting a liquid penetrant test.
-
- Describe two important functions of a developer.
-
- The typical causes for false indications are:
(a) Threads, keyways, splines, rough surfaces
(b) Sharp corners, pop rivets
(c) Insufficient removal of excess surface penetrant, penetrant on operators’ hands,
using cloth/paper towels which are not lint free, dirty work surfaces
(d) Over washing with high pressure hose pipes
(b) Sharp corners, pop rivets
- The following precautions must be observed when removing the excess surface penetrant with a water wash method using a hose pipe:
(a) The wash angle should be at 45o
(b) A coarse droplet spray
(c) Temperature of water 16 to 43oC
(d) Pressure as low as possible not to exceed 50 psi
(e) All of the precautions listed above are correct
(b) A coarse droplet spray
- List four possible causes for false indications that can be observed during a liquid penetrant test.
- Name four methods of pre-cleaning the surface of a part prior to conducting a liquid penetrant test.
-
- Match the type of penetrant to the list of advantages and disadvantages as listed
below:
(b) Visible solvent removable
- Liquid penetrants can be further categorised by the removal method of excess surface penetrant:
(a) Water washable
(b) Solvent removable
(c) Post emulsified
(d) All of the above
(d) All of the above
- The advantages of using a visible solvent removable penetrant versus a post emulsified fluorescent penetrant is:
(a) No UV light is needed
(b) The technique is well suitable for site tests or spot checks
(c) No water or emulsifiers are needed
(d) No extra equipment is needed
(e) All of the listed is correct
(e) All of the listed is correct
- How will the excess surface penetrant be removed if a post emulsified penetrant was used:
(a) Dip or spray emulsifier onto part
(b) Wait correct dwell time
(c) Water wash part observing correct recommended rules
(d) Dry part and apply developer
(e) All of the listed steps are correct
(c) Water wash part observing correct recommended rules
- List four basic safety rules to be followed when conducting a liquid penetrant test.
-
- The six basic steps on how to conduct a typical liquid penetrant test is:
(a) Pre-clean surface to be tested
(b) Apply penetrant, keep wet, observe dwell time
(c) Remove excess surface penetrant
(d) Apply developer in a thin even layer
(e) Inspect and report
(f) Post-clean
(g) All of the listed steps are correct
(g) All of the listed steps are correct
