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PT L1 > 1.1.1 Liquid Penetrant Testing Level 1 (PT-1) General Examination > Flashcards

1.1.1 Liquid Penetrant Testing Level 1 (PT-1) General Examination Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Liquid penetrant testing is based on the principle of:

(a) Polarized sound waves in a liquid
(b) Magnetic domains
(c) Absorption of X rays
(d) Capillary action

A

(d) Capillary action

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2
Q
  1. When a small diameter tube is placed in a glass of water, water rises in the tube to a Level above the adjacent surface. This is called:

(a) Viscosity
(b) Capillary action
(c) Surface tension
(d) Barometric testing

A

(b) Capillary action

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3
Q
  1. How is the size of a liquid penetrant indication usually related to the discontinuity it represents:

(a) Larger than
(b) Smaller than
(c) Equal to
(d) Not related to

A

(a) Larger than

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4
Q
  1. A penetrant that is self-emulsifying is called:

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post-emulsified
(d) Dual sensitivity method

A

(b) Water washable

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5
Q
  1. A penetrant process in which excess penetrant is removed with an organic solvent is called:

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post-emulsified
(d) Dual method

A

(a) Solvent removable

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5
Q
  1. A penetrant process which employs an emulsifier as a separate step in the penetrant removal process is called:

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post-emulsified
(d) Dual sensitivity method

A

(c) Post-emulsified

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following chemical elements are normally held to a minimum in liquid penetrant materials, when testing stainless steel and titanium?

(a) Hydrogen
(b) Chlorine
(c) Carbon
(d) Oil

A

(b) Chlorine

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following statements accurately describes the capabilities of liquid penetrant testing?

(a) Liquid penetrant testing is useful for locating subsurface discontinuities in a test piece
(b) Liquid penetrant testing is useful for locating discontinuities in porous materials
(c) Liquid penetrant testing is useful for locating discontinuities which are open to the surface in non-porous materials
(d) none of the above

A

(c) Liquid penetrant testing is useful for locating discontinuities which are open to the surface in non-porous materials

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7
Q
  1. Which of the following discontinuity types could typically be found with a liquid penetrant test?

(a) Internal slag in a weld
(b) Internal slag in a casting
(c) Sensitization in austenitic stainless steel
(d) Fatigue cracks

A

(d) Fatigue cracks

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following chemical elements are normally held to a minimum in liquid penetrant materials when testing nickel based alloys?

(a) Sulphur
(b) Oxygen
(c) Carbon
(d) Nitrogen

A

(a) Sulphur

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following is the most desirable method of pre-cleaning a test piece prior to penetrant testing?

(a) Sand blasting
(b) Vapour degreasing
(c) Emery cloth
(d) Wire brushing

A

(b) Vapour degreasing

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following pre-cleaning processes is not recommended?

(a) Detergent cleaning
(b) Vapour degreasing
(c) Shot blasting
(d) Ultrasonic cleaning

A

(c) Shot blasting

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11
Q
  1. A wire brush should be used for pre-cleaning:

(a) When grease and oil must be removed
(b) Only as a last resort
(c) When rust is to be removed
(d) When grinding burrs must be removed

A

(c) When rust is to be removed

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12
Q
  1. A hydrometer is used to measure:

(a) Penetrant viscosity
(b) Specific gravity of water based wet developers
(c) Penetrant specific gravity
(d) Cleaner specific gravity

A

(b) Specific gravity of water based wet developers

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13
Q
  1. Visible, solvent removable penetrants are most advantageous for:

(a) Inspecting parts with rough surfaces
(b) Inspecting batches of small parts
(c) Inspecting parts at remote locations
(d) Inspecting parts with porous surfaces

A

(c) Inspecting parts at remote locations

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14
Q
  1. For adequate test results, the black light used in fluorescent penetrant examination should provide what minimum black light intensity at the test surface?

(a) 100 foot candles per square centimetre
(b) 1000 microwatts per square centimetre
(c) 800 foot candles
(d) 35 microwatts per square centimetre

A

(b) 1000 microwatts per square centimetre

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15
Q
  1. What minimum warm-up time is required for acceptable performance of a mercury Vapour arc black light?

(a) None
(b) 2 minutes
(c) 5 minutes
(d) 10 minutes

A

(c) 5 minutes

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following penetrants contains an emulsifying agent?

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable
(d) Fluorescent

A

(b) Water washable

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17
Q
  1. Which of the following penetrants must be treated with an emulsifier prior to water removal?

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable
(d) Fluorescent

A

(c) Post emulsifiable

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18
Q
  1. What is the function of an emulsifier?

(a) To remove the excess penetrant
(b) To develop indications with a post emulsifiable penetrant system
(c) To assist penetration with a post emulsifiable penetrant system
(d) To make a post emulsifiable penetrant water washable

A

(d) To make a post emulsifiable penetrant water washable

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19
Q
  1. An oil based emulsifier is called:

(a) Hydrophilic
(b) Hydrophobic
(c) Lipophilic
(d) Fluoroscopic

A

(c) Lipophilic

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20
Q
  1. A water based emulsifier is called:

(a) Hydrophilic
(b) Hydrophobic
(c) Lipophilic
(d) Fluoroscopic

A

(a) Hydrophilic

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21
Q
  1. Methylene chloride, isopropyl, alcohol, naptha and mineral spirits are examples of:

(a) Emulsifiers
(b) Developers
(c) Solvent removers
(d) None of the above

A

(c) Solvent removers

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22
Q
  1. What type of solvent removers may be used with a solvent removable penetrant?

(a) Any organic solvent
(b) Only the cleaner recommended by the manufacturer of the penetrant
(c) Any alcohol based solvents
(d) Only chlorinated hydrocarbons

A

(b) Only the cleaner recommended by the manufacturer of the penetrant

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23
Q
  1. Which of the following is a prerequisite for a penetrant test?

(a) Developer must be applied in a thin, even coat
(b) Any surface coatings or soils must be completely removed
(c) All traces of penetrant materials should be removed after testing is complete
(d) The test object must be non-magnetic

A

(b) Any surface coatings or soils must be completely removed

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24
Q
  1. What is the likely result of incomplete removal of all excess penetrant from the test piece surface?

(a) Formation of false indications
(b) Formation of relevant indications
(c) Exaggeration of the size of relevant indications
(d) None of the above

A

(a) Formation of false indications

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24
Q
  1. Which of the following types of pre-cleaning processes may be used for liquid penetrant testing?

(a) Wire brushing only
(b) Detergent and water only
(c) Vapour degreasing only
(d) Any process that leaves the part clean and dry, does not harm the part and is compatible with the penetrant materials

A

(d) Any process that leaves the part clean and dry, does not harm the part and is compatible with the penetrant materials

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25
Q
  1. What is the preferred pre-cleaning process for removal of oil and grease :

(a) Steam cleaning with a added acid
(b) Vapour degreasing
(c) Steam cleaning
(d) Ultrasonic cleaning

A

(b) Vapour degreasing

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26
Q
  1. Which pre-cleaning method may be used with either a solvent or a detergent solution?

(a) Ultrasonic cleaning
(b) Steam cleaning
(c) Detergent wash
(d) Vapour degreasing

A

(a) Ultrasonic cleaning

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27
Q
  1. What is the danger associated with using a wire brush during pre-cleaning?

(a) Bristles from the wire brush may cause false indications
(b) Contaminants from the wire brush may cause delayed hydrogen cracking of
high carbon steels
(c) The wire brush may not adequately remove organic soils
(d) The wire brush may close or smear metal over

A

(d) The wire brush may close or smear metal over

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28
Q
  1. What is the preferred method of removing paint prior to performing a penetrant testing?

(a) Sand blast
(b) Chemical removers
(c) Power wire brush
(d) Shot blast

A

(b) Chemical removers

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29
Q
  1. What additional surface preparation or cleaning must be performed on a machined or ground aluminum casting prior to penetrant testing?

(a) Vapour degreasing
(b) Etching
(c) Detergent wash
(d) Nothing

A

(b) Etching

30
Q
  1. Acceptable methods of penetrant application are:

(a) Spraying
(b) Dipping
(c) Brushing
(d) All of the above

A

(a) Spraying
(b) Dipping
(c) Brushing
(d) All of the above

31
Q
  1. The time period during which penetrant remains on the surface of the test piece is called:

(a) Dwell time
(b) Soaking time
(c) Fixing time
(d) Development time

A

(a) Dwell time

31
Q
  1. Excess penetrant removal is a two step process with which of the following penetrant methods?

(a) Water washable
(b) Post emulsifiable
(c) Solvent removable
(d) Liquid oxygen applications

A

(b) Post emulsifiable

32
Q
  1. A developer aids penetrant bleed out because of:

(a) Adequate removal of the excess penetrant
(b) Providing a contrasting background for visible dye indications
(c) Capillary action
(d) Proper emulsifier action

A

(c) Capillary action

32
Q
  1. In the solvent removable penetrant process, excess penetrant is removed with:

(a) A water spray
(b) A hydrophilic scrubber
(c) A solvent spray
(d) Clean, lint free towels slightly moistened with solvent

A

(d) Clean, lint free towels slightly moistened with solvent

33
Q
  1. Water based wet developer is applied:

(a) Immediately before removal of excess penetrant
(b) Immediately after removal of excess penetrant
(c) After a drying period following removal of excess penetrant
(d) For maximum sensitivity results

A

(b) Immediately after removal of excess penetrant

34
Q
  1. Non-aqueous wet developer is applied:

(a) Immediately before removal of excess penetrant
(b) Immediately after removal of excess penetrant
(c) After the excess penetrant is removed and part surface is dried
(d) For maximum sensitivity results

A

(c) After the excess penetrant is removed and part surface is dried

35
Q
  1. Dry developer is applied:

(a) Immediately before removal of excess penetrant
(b) Immediately after removal of excess penetrant
(c) After drying of the part
(d) For maximum sensitivity results

A

(c) After drying of the part

36
Q
  1. Typical ranges of emulsifier dwell times are:

(a) 5 to 10 minutes
(b) 30 seconds to 1 minute
(c) 1 to 3 minutes
(d) 5 to 10 minutes

A

(c) 1 to 3 minutes

37
Q
  1. Actual emulsification times are determined by:

(a) Experiment, during technique qualification
(b) Manufacturer’s recommendations
(c) Code requirements
(d) None of the above

A

(a) Experiment, during technique qualification

38
Q
  1. The colour of fluorescent penetrant under the presence of a UV light is:

(a) Yellow-green
(b) Red
(c) Blue
(d) Green

A

(a) Yellow-green

39
Q
  1. What action is necessary if the penetrant is inadvertently allowed to dry on the test piece?

(a) Repeat the test, beginning with the pre-cleaning operation
(b) Re-wet the penetrant, begin dwell time again and continue
(c) Clean the penetrant off the surface and develop normally
(d) Clean the penetrant off the surface, wait 5 minutes and develop normally

A

(a) Repeat the test, beginning with the pre-cleaning operation

40
Q
  1. What maximum water rinse pressure is considered safe for removal of excess penetrant in the water washable penetrant process?

(a) As low a pressure as possible, 50 PSI maximum
(b) to 200 PSI
(c) PSI maximum
(d) to 500 PSI

A

(a) As low a pressure as possible, 50 PSI maximum

40
Q
  1. During the water rinse step of the water washable penetrant process, what is the desired angle of the spray to the surface?

(a) Normal
(b) 30 degrees
(c) 45 degrees
(d) 75 degrees

A

(c) 45 degrees

41
Q
  1. Post cleaning is especially important when:

(a) Post emulsified penetrants are used
(b) Phosphate containing detergents are used
(c) Chlorinated hydrocarbons are used
(d) The test object will be used in a liquid oxygen environment

A

(d) The test object will be used in a liquid oxygen environment

42
Q
  1. Which type of emulsifier is designed to be used as a ‘scrubber’?

(a) Hydrophilic
(b) Hydrophobic
(c) Lipophilic
(d) Fluoroscopic

A

(a) Hydrophilic

43
Q
  1. When using a hydrophilic emulsifier, the amount of penetrant removed is most affected by:

(a) Solution strength and time of spray
(b) Penetrant dwell time
(c) Emulsifier dwell time
(d) Adequacy of pre-clean

A

(a) Solution strength and time of spray

44
Q
  1. Which of the following is normally prohibited as a method of removing excess penetrant when using the solvent removable penetrant process?

(a) A water spray
(b) A hydrophilic scrubber
(c) A solvent spray
(d) Clean with lint free towels moistened with solvent

A

(c) A solvent spray

44
Q
  1. If a mercury vapour arc black light is inadvertently turned off, how soon may it be restarted?

(a) Immediately
(b) 5 minutes
(c) 10 minutes
(d) 15 minutes

A

(c) 10 minutes

45
Q
  1. When performing a fluorescent penetrant examination, excess penetrant is normally removed:

(a) By a hydrophilic scrubber
(b) Under UV light
(c) By solvent spray
(d) By vapour degreasing

A

(b) Under UV light

45
Q
  1. During a visible, solvent removable penetrant test, complete penetrant removal is indicated by:

(a) Absence of red indications on the test piece surface
(b) Clean rinse water
(c) Completion of the rinse cycle
(d) Absence of red dye on the cleaning towels

A

(d) Absence of red dye on the cleaning towels

46
Q
  1. Which of the following is a function of a developer

(a) Providing a contrasting background for visible dye indications
(b) Making the penetrant water washable
(c) Penetrating into discontinuities open to the surface
(d) Dissolve organic soils on the test piece surface

A

(a) Providing a contrasting background for visible dye indications

47
Q
  1. Which of the following is a function of a developer?

(a) Providing a contrasting background for visible dye indications
(b) Accentuates presence of discontinuities by causing a penetrant indication to
spread out over a larger area
(c) Provides capillary paths to aid the bleed out process
(d) All of the above

A

(a) Providing a contrasting background for visible dye indications
(b) Accentuates presence of discontinuities by causing a penetrant indication to
spread out over a larger area
(c) Provides capillary paths to aid the bleed out process
(d) All of the above

48
Q
  1. Which of the following developers is applied before the drying operation?

(a) Dry
(b) Non-aqueous wet
(c) Water based wet
(d) None of the above

A

(c) Water based wet

49
Q
  1. The most sensitive type of developer for the detection of fine discontinuities is:

(a) Water soluble
(b) Non-aqueous wet
(c) Dry
(d) Water suspendable

A

(b) Non-aqueous wet

50
Q
  1. Low sulphur and chlorine penetrant materials would be used for testing:

(a) Aluminium, steel and plastics
(b) Tool steels, chrome vanadium steel and ferritic stainless steels
(c) Austenitic stainless steels, nickel alloys and titanium
(d) Magnetic materials

A

(c) Austenitic stainless steels, nickel alloys and titanium

51
Q
  1. Which of the following is the most sensitive developer in descending order?

(a) Dry, water soluble, water suspendable
(b) Non-aqueous wet, water soluble, water suspendable ,dry
(c) Non-aqueous wet, dry, water soluble
(d) Water suspendable, water soluble, non-aqueous wet

A

(b) Non-aqueous wet, water soluble, water suspendable ,dry

52
Q
  1. Which type of developer may be either in suspension or a solution?

(a) Dry
(b) Non-aqueous wet
(c) Water based wet
(d) None of the above

A

(c) Water based wet

53
Q
  1. The temperature of water rinse used in the water washable penetrant process should be:

(a) 60 to 110oC
(b) 40 to 100oC
(c) 16 to 43oC
(d) 70 to 140oC

A

(c) 16 to 43oC

54
Q
  1. The danger of over washing during a water washable penetrant test is that:

(a) Excess penetrant will be removed from the test piece
(b) Penetrant will be removed from discontinuities
(c) The waste water will contain too high a concentration of penetrants
(d) A protective oxide coating on the test piece is formed

A

(b) Penetrant will be removed from discontinuities

55
Q
  1. Which penetrant process is best suited to high production rates of many small parts?

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable
(d) Fluorescent

A

(b) Water washable

56
Q
  1. Which penetrant process is best suited to the detection of discontinuities in a test piece having threads and keyways?

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable
(d) Fluorescent

A

(b) Water washable

57
Q
  1. Which penetrant process is best suited to detect shallow discontinuities?

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable
(d) Fluorescent

A

(c) Post emulsifiable

58
Q
  1. Which penetrant process is the most sensitive to detect fine discontinuities?

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable fluorescent
(d) Water washable fluorescent

A

(c) Post emulsifiable fluorescent

59
Q
  1. Which penetrant process is best suited for portable application in the field?

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable
(d) Fluorescent

A

(a) Solvent removable

60
Q
  1. Which penetrant process should be used if repeated examinations are anticipated?

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable
(d) Fluorescent

A

(a) Solvent removable

61
Q
  1. Which of the following developers is applied by spray only?

(a) Non-aqueous wet
(b) Water based wet
(c) Dry
(d) Dual sensitivity

A

(a) Non-aqueous wet

62
Q
  1. What is a disadvantage of using the fluorescent penetrant process?

(a) Lower visibility of indications
(b) Must be performed in a darkened area with aid of a UV lamp
(c) Easily washed with water
(d) High visibility of indications

A

(b) Must be performed in a darkened area with aid of a UV lamp

63
Q
  1. Which of the following developers is applied by brush, spraying or dipping?

(a) Non-aqueous wet
(b) Water based wet
(c) Dry
(d) Dual sensitivity

A

(b) Water based wet

64
Q
  1. What is the minimum time considered necessary for dark adaptation of the eyes prior to evaluating the results of a fluorescent penetrant test?

(a) 1 minute
(b) 2 minutes
(c) 5 minutes
(d) 10 minutes

A

(c) 5 minutes

64
Q
  1. Which of the following developers is applied by immersion or flow on only?

(a) Non-aqueous wet
(b) Water based wet
(c) Dry
(d) Dual sensitivity

A

(b) Water based wet

65
Q
  1. Which type of penetrant process would be best suited to the detection of wide, shallow discontinuities?

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable
(d) Fluorescent

A

(c) Post emulsifiable

65
Q
  1. What is the likely result of looking directly into a black light?

(a) Burning of the retina of the eye
(b) Temporary inflammation of the cornea
(c) Long term tendency toward formation of cataracts
(d) Fluorescence of the fluid in the eye

A

(d) Fluorescence of the fluid in the eye

66
Q
  1. Which type of penetrant process affords most control of test sensitivity level?

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable
(d) Fluorescent

A

(c) Post emulsifiable

67
Q
  1. Which type of penetrant process is least susceptible to over washing?

(a) Solvent removable
(b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable
(d) Fluorescent

A

(c) Post emulsifiable

68
Q
  1. What is a disadvantage of the solvent removable penetrant process?

(a) It is the least sensitive of the penetrant processes
(b) It is not well suited for use on rough surfaces
(c) It is highly portable
(d) No water is required for its use

A

(b) It is not well suited for use on rough surfaces

69
Q
  1. Which of the following is the proper first step in removal of excess penetrant when using the solvent removable penetrant process?

(a) Immerse the test piece in solvent
(b) Spray the test piece with water
(c) Wipe the test piece surface with clean, lint free towels slightly moistened
(d) All of the above is correct

A

(c) Wipe the test piece surface with clean, lint free towels slightly moistened

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