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Biochem > 11.2 Electron Transport Chain > Flashcards

11.2 Electron Transport Chain Flashcards

1
Q

Glycolysis occurs in…

A

the cytosol

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2
Q

Citrate cycle occurs in…

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

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3
Q

ETS occurs in…

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

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4
Q

What feeds the ETC?

A

NADH and FADH2

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5
Q

What are the two routes of electron transport?

A
  1. Oxidation of NADH on matrix side of IMM
  2. Oxidation of FADH2 from either the cytosolic side or the matrix side of IMM
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6
Q

What is the electron flow of NADH?

A

NADH → Comp I → Q → Comp III → Cyt c → Comp IV → O2

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7
Q

How many protons are pumped across from NADH?

A

10 H+

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8
Q

What is the electron flow from FADH2?

A

FADH2→ Comp II → Q → Comp III → cyt c → Comp IV → O2

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9
Q

How many protons are pumped across from FADH2?

A

6 H+

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10
Q

What facilitates ETC electron flow?

A

Electron carriers, ordered by increasing E

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11
Q

What does Interruption of e- flow do?

A

inhibits ATP synthesis

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12
Q

What are some Inhibitors of electron flow?

A

Rotenone (poison arrows, blocks ETS)
Hydrogen cyanide, CO, antimycin A

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13
Q

Describe in general Complexes I, III, IV

A

Large multi-subunit complexes translocate protons across IMM

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14
Q

What are the 3 membrane associated FAD/FADH2-containing enzymes?

A

(3 routes of FADH2 entry)
– Comp II (Succinate dehydrogenase)
– ETF-Q oxidoreductase - lipid metabolism
– Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase - cytosolic NADH

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15
Q

What is Coenzyme Q?

A

ubiquinone
-Small hydrophobic e- carrier, diffuses through the membrane
-2 electrons: Comp I/II → Comp III

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16
Q

What is Cytochrome c?

A

– Small water soluble protein in intermembrane space
– 1 electron: Comp III → Comp IV

17
Q

Complex I

A

NADH–ubiquinone oxidoreductase

18
Q

Complex II

A

succinate dehydrogenase

19
Q

Complex III

A

ubiquinone–cytochrome c oxidoreductase

20
Q

Complex IV

A

cytochrome c oxidase

21
Q

What are Protein-bound redox centers? What are the 3 types?

A

Bound to proteins in ETC
1. Iron-sulfur or copper centers (1 electron)
2. Hemes (1 electron)
3. Coenzymes FADH2 and FMN (1 or 2 electrons)

22
Q

What are the 2 Mobile electron carriers?

A
  1. Coenzyme Q - small molecule, one or two electrons
  2. Cytochrome C - small protein, one electron
23
Q

Describe Complex I

A

Largest of the 4 complexes (15-40 chains) M
Pumps 4 protons into intermembrane space
Oxidizes NADH
Reduces Q
FMN
Contains 7(+) Fe-S centers

24
Q

What are the three steps of electron flow of complex I?

A
  1. NADH transfers 2 electrons to FMN
  2. 2 electrons transferred from carrier to carrier
  3. 2 electrons and 2 protons bind Q forming QH2
    (4 protons move from N to P side)
25
Q

What is the net result of Complex I?

A

Transfer of 2 e- from NADH to coenzyme Q
4 H+ translocated from matrix to the intermembrane space (P side)

26
Q

What is the net reaction from complex I?

A

NADH + Q + 5H+(N) —-> NAD+ + QH2 + 4H+(P)

27
Q

What are things about Coenzyme Q?

A
  1. Mobilee-carrier – Comp I or II —> Comp III
  2. Entry point for e- pairs into ETS - From CC, fatty acid oxidation, or G3P dehydrogenase
  3. 1 or 2 electrons – Adapter b/w 2e- to 1e- carriers, Q cycle
28
Q

Describe Complex II

A

● Also catalyzes step 6 in citrate cycle
– FAD→FADH2 (1 or 2 electrons)
● 3 Fe-S centers and b-type heme
– 1electron
● Q→QH2
– 1 or 2 electrons

29
Q

Complex II net result

A

Oxidizes of FADH2 to FAD
Reduces Q to QH2
No translocation of H+

30
Q

Complex II net reaction

A

FADH2 + Q —> FAD + QH2

31
Q

Describe Complex III

A

Dimeric complex (11 subunits per monomer)
● Pumps 4 protons into intermembrane space
● 2 Fe-2S centers, 2 b-type & 1 c-type heme – 1electron
● Oxidizes QH2 – 1 or 2 electrons – Q-cycle
● Reduces Cyt C – 1 electron

32
Q

Complex III net result

A

Transfer 2e- from QH
Translocation of 4H+ to intermembrane space

33
Q

Complex III net reaction

A

QH2 + 2H(N) + 2 Cytochrome C (oxidized) –> Q + 4H+(P) + 2 Cytochrome C (reduced)

34
Q

What is the Q cycle?

A
  • Occurs in Comp III
  • Converts 2 e- transfer to 1 e-
35
Q

What are the 4 steps of the Q cycle?

A
  1. Oxidation of QH2 at Q(P) - electron goes to cytochrome C
  2. Oxidized Q goes to Q(N)
  3. New QH2 binds to QP, is oxidized, election goes to a new cytochrome c
  4. 2nd electron from step 3 reduced semiquinone QN and 2 protons reform QH2

Biochem (8 decks)

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