11.2

Question 1

What is the first 10 roots? (10)

Answer 1

(1) meth
(2) eth
(3) prop
(4) but
(5) pent
(6) hex
(7) hept
(8) oct
(9) non
(10) dec

Question 2

Side chains are shown by a prefix. Give the name of the first 4 side chains. (4)

Answer 2

(1) methyl
(2) ethyl
(3) propyl
(4) butyl

Question 3

Most organic compounds are made up of a hydrocarbon chain that has 1 or more reactive groups attached to it.
What are these reactive groups called? (1)

Answer 3

Functional groups

Question 4

What is the formula for alcohols? (1)

Answer 4

R —— OH

Question 5

What is the formula for aldehydes? (1)

Answer 5

R ——– CHO
(double bond between C & O + single bond between C & H)

Question 6

What is the formula for ketones? (1)

Answer 6

R ——- C ——– R’
ll
O

Question 7

What is the formula for carboxylic acids? (1)

Answer 7

R ——– COOH

Question 8

Define “structural isomers” (2)

Answer 8

(1) molecules with the same molecular formula
(2) but a different structural formula

Question 9

When naming compounds, do we put them in order of number of carbon atom OR in order of alphabetical order? (1)

Answer 9

alphabetical

Question 10

What are the features of a homologous series? (5)

Answer 10

(1) same functional group
(2) each member of the series differs from the next by CH₂
(3) have a general formula
(4) The length of the carbon chain has little to no effect on the chemical reactivity
(5) The length of the carbon chain affects physical properties such as: MP, BP & solubility

Question 11

MPs and BPs increase by a small amount as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases. Why?
(1)

Answer 11

because the intermolecular forces increase

Question 12

Does chain branching reduce the MPs? Why? (2)

Answer 12

(1) Yes.
(2) Because the molecules pack together less well