1.11 FIBERS AND TEXTILES Flashcards
define fibres
very fine hair like structures that are spun or twisted together to make yarn
what do yarn do
woven or knitted to make textile fabrics.
Wool - source, properties and uses
SOURCE - SHEEP FLEECE
PROPERTIES - warm, absorbent, low flammability, good elasticity, crease resistant
USES - warm outerwear eg coats and jackets.
Knitwear, soft furnishings, carpets and blankets
Cotton - source, properties and uses
SOURCE - Cotton plant/seed pod
PROPERTIES - absorbent, strong, cool to wear, hardwearing but creases easily, smooth and easy to care for, flammable and it can shrink.
USES - clothing, bedlinen, towels, sewing and knitting threads.
Whats a synthetic fibre?
Synthetic, or manufactured fiberes are artificial.
advantages of synthetic fibre
can be manufactured to specific requirements
disadvantages of synthetic fibres
not biodegradable
come from unsustainable sources
examples of synthetic fibres
polyester
acrylic
POLYESTER - source, properties and uses
SOURCE - fossil fuels, coal and petroleum
PROPERTIES - strong wet and dry, flame resistant, thermoplastic, hardwearing but poor absorbency
ACRYLIC - source, properties and uses
SOURCE - same as polyester. fossil fuels: petroleum but not coal
PROPERTIES - strong, but NOT WHEN WET. thermoplastic, burns slowly then melts, but poor absorbency.
USES - knitwear and some knitted fabrics, fake fur products like toys and carpets.
woven fabrics consists of..
warp and weft yarns in an under over configuration
different weave creates fabrics with different…
textures
pattern
strength
define a plain weave
most basic
stable and strong
even surface on both sides
example? calico
define a twill weave
a diagonal pattern
adds strength
eg. denim
what does a plain weave look like?
under over under over
what does a twill weave look like
the single piece: under 2, over 2
the double piece: under 1, over 1
differene between warp and weft?
warp is the straight one going up the never across
weft “wefts” its way around like a snake
felted fabrics are made by
applying:
moisture
heat
pressure
friction
to a web of fibres
causes them to bind together
felt fabric uses
craft projects, hats, snooker table surfaces
bonded textiles are made using
a web of fibres
held by adhesive/stitching
are non woven/bonded fibres strong?
no. not strong enough to be made into garments
but theyre used to reinforce woven and knitted fabrics
how are bonded fibres at producing?
cheap to produce
what are bonded fibres often used for
surgical gowns and masks
wipes
disposable protective suits
how are knitted granny fabrics made
creating series of loops in yarn that interlock
whats the two types of knitting weaves
warp and weft
knitted fabric properties
easy to stretch and warm to wear
weft knitting consists of
1 yarn
series of horizontally interlocking loops
warp knitting consists of
multiple yarns and loops interlocking vertically
