11.1 Chromosomal DNA and Proteins

Question 1

What is a clone?

Answer 1

is an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to the original source from which it was derived.

Question 2

What 4 things of genetic information do chromosomes support?

Answer 2

Packaging, replication, segregation, and expression

Question 3

What is chromatin?

Answer 3

It is a generic term for any complex of DNA and protein found in a nucleus of a cell

Question 4

How are chromosomes different from chromatin?

Answer 4

They are separate pieces of chromatin that behave as a unit during cell division.

Question 5

Composition of chromatin:

Answer 5

1/3 DNA, 1/3 histones protein, 1/3 nonhistone proteins

Question 6

what produces a sufficient level of compacting for genetic material to fit into a cell nucleus?

Answer 6

DNA interactions with histones and nonhistone proteins

Question 7

What are histones?

Answer 7

they are small, positively charged, and highly conserved proteins. They bind to and neutralise negatively charged DNA

Question 8

What are the 5 types of histones?

Answer 8

H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4

Question 9

What are the 4 core histones that make up the nucleosome?

Answer 9

H2A, H2B, H3, and H4

Question 10

What are the 4 functions of nonhistone proteins?

Answer 10

1. Structural role- chromosome scaffold
2. Chromosome replication- eg DNA polymerases
3. Chromosome segregation- eg kinetochore proteins
4. They regulate transcription and RNA processing during gene expression
   - largest group