11.1 Chromosomal DNA and Proteins Flashcards
What is a clone?
it is an organism that is a replica of the organism being cloned. All cells have identical DNA
What 4 things of genetic information do chromosomes support?
Packaging, replication, segregation, and expression
What is chromatin?
It is a generic term for any complex of DNA and protein found in a nucleus of a cell
How are chromosomes different from chromatin?
They are separate pieces of chromatin that behave as a unit during cell division.
Composition of chromatin:
1/3 DNA, 1/3 histones protein, 1/3 nonhistone proteins
what produces a sufficient level of compacting for genetic material to fit into a cell nucleus?
DNA interactions with histones and nonhistone proteins
What are histones?
they are small, positively charged, and highly conserved proteins. They bind to and neutralise negatively charged DNA
What are the 5 types of histones?
H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4
What are the 4 types of core histones that make up the nucleosome?
H2A, H2B, H3, and H4
What are the 4 functions of nonhistone proteins?
- Structural role- chromosome scaffold
- Chromosome replication- eg DNA polymerases
- Chromosome segregation- eg kinetochore proteins
- They regulate transcription and RNA processing during gene expression
- largest group