11.1 Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards
Alicyclic
an aliphatic compound that is arranged in non-aromatic rings (with or without side
chains).
Aliphatic
a compound containing carbon and hydrogen atoms joined in straight or branched
chains or in non-aromatic rings.
Aromatic
some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring
Ring containing 3 double bonds
Alkane
: a homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2
Alkyl
a group with the general formula CnH2n+1
e.g. methyl- CH3/ ethyl CH2-CH3
Dipole
a partial charge on an atom which is caused by the differing electronegativities of
atoms in a covalent bond.
Displayed Formula
the relative positions of atoms and the bonds between them
Empirical Formula
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
Functional Group
a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
Homologous Series
a series of organic compounds containing the same functional group
with successive members differing by -CH2
Heterolytic Fission
when a covalent bond breaks, one bonding atom receives both
electrons from the bonded pair.
Homolytic Fission
when a covalent bond breaks, each bonding atom receives one electron
from the bonding pair, forming 2 radicals.
Radical
a species with an unpaired electron. E.g. Cl*
Reaction Mechanism
a series of steps that represent the overall reaction by showing the
breaking and forming of bonds using curly arrows.
Saturated
an organic compound which only contains C-C single bonds.
